间充质干细胞（MSCs）是一类来源于中胚层的多能干细胞，具有多向分化潜能、促进干细胞植入、造血支持、免疫调控及自我复制的生物学特性，是干细胞家族重要成员。由于其免疫调节、血管再生、组织修复等作用，MSCs已逐渐成为多项治疗领域的研究热点之一，并在自身免疫性疾病、组织损伤以及各种替代治疗领域成为一种非常有潜力、有前景的治疗药物。当机体组织损伤或发生炎性细胞浸润时，外源性给予的MSCs进入机体后可归巢至病变部位，并与体内的多种细胞发生相互作用，恢复机体正常生理功能、维持机体微环境稳态，修复病变组织器官。通过综述MSCs进入体内后的分布、归巢特性及相关影响因素、体内外检测方法及其作为药物开发的成药性研究进展，为干细胞从医疗技术转化为药物提供指导。

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a kind of multipotent stem cells derived from mesoderm. MSCs has the biological characteristics of multi-directional differentiation potential, promoting stem cell implantation, hematopoietic support, immune adjustment and self-replication as an important member of stem cells. Due to its effects on immune regulation, blood vessel regeneration, tissue repair, it has gradually become one of the research hotspots in therapeutic fields and has become a very potential and promising therapeutic drug in the field of autoimmune diseases, tissue injury and various alternative therapies. When the body or tissue is injured or inflammatory cell infiltration occurs, exogenous MSCs can home to the diseased site after entering the body and interact with a variety of cells in body, restore biological functions of body, maintain microenvironment homeostasis and repair the diseased tissues and organs. This review provides guidance for the transformation of stem cells from medical technology to drugs by exploring the distribution, homing characteristics and related influencing factors after MSCs entering the body, in vitro and in vivo detection methods and druggability research progress.

R979.9

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82073928）；南京市生命健康科技专项（202110006）