细胞治疗给许多疾病带来希望，已经成为业界关注的热点之一。尽管细胞治疗在治疗效力方面取得了快速发展，但移植细胞在体内的生物分布及机制尚不清楚。细胞体内示踪技术的不足严重影响了细胞治疗的临床转化应用。目前，多种细胞体内示踪技术已经应用于临床前研究，如染料标记追踪、放射性同位素追踪、纳米颗粒标记技术、报告基因技术、实时定量聚合酶链式反应（qRT-PCR）技术、组织学技术等，但缺乏完美可靠的示踪技术。为比较不同的示踪技术，对目前研究中应用的细胞示踪技术进行综述。

Cellular therapy has brought hope to many diseases and has become one of the hot spots in the pharmaceutical world. Although cellular therapy has made rapid progress in therapeutic efficacy, the biodistribution of cellular therapy products in vivo and the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Inadequate in vivo cellular tracing techniques have hindered the mastery of cell fate and severely impacted the clinical translation of cellular therapy applications. A variety of in vivo cell tracing techniques have been applied in preclinical studies, such as dye labeling tracing, radioisotope tracing, nanoparticle labelling techniques, reporter gene techniques, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques, and histological techniques, but a perfect and reliable tracing technique is lacking. In order to compare the different tracing techniques, a review of the cellular tracing techniques applied in current research is presented.

国家重点研发计划课题（2021YFA1101602）；中国科学院战略先导科技专项（XDA1604050202）；中国食品药品检定研究院关键技术研究基金（GJJS-2022-6-1）