目的 比较研究白麻Apocynum pictum叶和罗布麻Apocynum venetum叶的化学成分及抗炎活性差异。方法 取白麻叶和罗布麻叶，20倍量60%乙醇溶液回流提取 2 次 ，每次 1.5 h ，合并提取液，浓缩、干燥，即得白麻叶提取物（APLE）、罗布麻叶提取物（AVLE）；以每毫升药液0.03 g药材的浓度过HPD300大孔树脂柱，水洗除杂后以60%乙醇溶液洗脱，收集洗脱液，浓缩、干燥，即得白麻叶精制物（APLP）、罗布麻叶精制物（AVLP）。利用UPLC/Q-TOF/MS鉴定白麻叶和罗布麻叶提取物及精制物的化学成分，进而以HPLC检测白麻苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷、金丝桃苷和紫云英苷的含量。在进行急性毒性实验确定最大耐受剂量的基础上，采用小鼠棉球肉芽肿模型考察4种样品对小鼠肉芽肿指数、抑制率和肾上腺指数的影响，并检测血清组胺、5-羟色胺和前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）水平。结果 以UPLC/Q-TOF/MS从4种样品中鉴定出化学成分97个，其中白麻叶和罗布麻叶的共有化学成分82个，主要是黄酮、黄酮糖苷和黄烷酮。HPLC检测结果显示，APLE、APLP中的白麻苷质量分数分别为 2.43%和 11.98%，罗布麻样品中未检出白麻苷，但 AVLP中芦丁、异槲皮苷、金丝桃苷和紫云英苷的质量分数分别是APLP的30.37、1.75、8.64、1.58倍。动物实验表明，与模型组比较，1.50、0.75 g·kg^-1的APLP可显著降低小鼠棉球肉芽肿指数（P＜0.05），抑制率分别为 25.79%、21.75%；1.50 g·kg^-1剂量可显著降低血清组胺和 5-羟色胺水平（P＜0.05），0.75 g·kg^-1剂量可显著降低 5-羟色胺水平（P＜0.01）；APLE、APLP 下调 PGE₂水平，差异不显著；AVLE、AVLP 显著升高PGE₂水平（P＜0.05）。结论 白麻叶和罗布麻叶的化学成分同中有异，相同方法制备的样品在抗炎活性上有较为明显的差别，其中APLP的抗炎活性最强，作用机制可能与调节血管活性胺的释放相关。

Objective To compare the differences of chemical component and anti-inflammatory activity between Apocynum pictum Schrenk leaves and Apocynum venetum Linn. lesves. Methods Taked A. pictum leaves and A. venetum leaves, refluxed and extracted them with 20 times the amount of 60% ethanol solution twice, 1.5 h each time, combined with the extract solution, concentrate, and dry to obtain A. pictum leaves extract (APLE) and A. venetum leaves extract (AVLE). Passed a concentration of 0.03 g per milliliter of medicinal liquid through a HPD300 macroporous resin column, washing with water to remove impurities, eluting with 60% ethanol solution, collecting the eluent, concentrating, and drying to obtain A. pictum leaves purification (APLP) and A. venetum leaves purification (AVLP). Then, UPLC/Q-TOF/MS was performed to identify chemical component of different samples that extracted or purified from leaves of A. pictum and A. venetum. HPLC was utilized to determine the contents of baimaside, rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperin, and astragalin in each sample. After acute toxicity test, the effects of different samples against granuloma index, inhibition rate, and adrenal index in granuloma mice were investigated, respectively. At the meanwhile, the contents of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in mice serum were detected, separately. Results Totally 97 ingredients, mainly flavonoids, flavonosides, and flavanones, were identified from different samples by UPLC/Q-TOF/MS, and 82 of them were found in both A. pictum and A. venetum. The results of HPLC showed that the contents of baimaside in the extractive and purified sample of A. pictum leaves were 2.43% and 11.98%, respectively. However, baimaside was not detected in A. venetum. leaves samples. Moreover, the contents of rutin, isoquercitrin, hypericin, and astragalin in the AVLE were 30.37, 1.75, 8.64, and 1.58 times of that in the APLP. Animal experiments showed that, 1.50 and 0.75 g·kg^-1 APLP significantly decreased granulomatous index (P＜0.05), with the inhibition rate of 25.79% and 21.75%, respectively. APLP of 1.5 g·kg^-1 significantly decreased the contents of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamin (P＜0.05), while 0.75 g·kg^-1 APLP significantly decreased the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (P＜0.01). APLE and APLP down regulated PGE₂ levels, with no significant difference. AVLE and AVLP significantly increased PGE₂levels (P＜0.05). Conclusion There are both similarities and differences in components of A. pictum leaves and A. venetum leaves. Therefore, samples prepared by the same method showed different degrees of anti-inflammatory activity. The APLP exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory activity, with the action mechanism of regulating the release of vasoactive amine.

R285.5

新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金（2020D01A114）；新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划（2021-2023）