美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)于 2022 年 3 月发布了"主方案:加快抗肿瘤药物和生物制品开发的高效临床试验设计策略供企业用的指导原则"。"主方案"是指同时评价成人和儿童癌症的同一总体试验体系(主方案)中的 1 种以上研究药物和(或)1 种以上癌症类型。与在 1 项临床试验中,单一药物在单一疾病人群中试验的传统的试验设计不同,主方案使用单一的基础设施、试验设计和方案,在多个子研究中同时评价多种药物和(或)疾病人群,从而可高效和快速地开发抗肿瘤药物。该指导原则对抗肿瘤药主方案研究的试验设计和实施的诸多方面提出了许多很有价值的建议,而中国目前还没有类似的指导原则。详细介绍 FDA 该指导原则,以期对我国开展抗肿瘤药主方案研究及其监管有所帮助。

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published the "Master Protocols: Efficient Clinical Trial Design Strategies to Expedite Development of Oncology Drugs and Biologics Guidance for Industry" in March 2022. The so-called "master protocol" refers to evaluate more than one investigational drug and/or more than one cancer type within the same overall trial structure (master protocols) in adult and pediatric cancers simultaneously. In contrast to traditional trial designs, where a single drug is tested in a single disease population in one clinical trial, master protocols use a single infrastructure, trial design, and protocol to simultaneously evaluate multiple drugs and/or disease populations in multiple substudies, allowing for efficient and accelerated drug development. This guidance has put forward many valuable suggestions in terms of trial design and implementation of research on the master protocol of oncology drugs. However, there is currently no such guidance in our country. The guidance of FDA are introduced in detail, and look forward to being helpful to the research and supervision of the master protocols of oncology drugs in my country.

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