白内障的防治一直是防盲治盲工作的重点，但其发病机制尚不完全清楚，目前临床上还缺少有效的治疗药物。构建及选择合适的白内障动物模型不仅是深入研究白内障发病机制的重要基础，也是临床筛选和评价防治白内障药物的有效手段。因此就近年来国内外有关人工诱导性和先天性白内障动物模型的构建方式、特点及在药物评价研究发面的应用进行综述，并总结基于不同药理机制的抗白内障药物研究进展，提出目前应增加晶状体聚集蛋白溶解药物的发现，以期推动白内障药物治疗的发展。

The prevention and treatment of cataract has always been the focus of prevention and treatment of blindness, but its pathogenesis is still not completely clear, and there is still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Constructing and selecting appropriate cataract animal models is not only an important basis for in-depth study of the pathogenesis of cataract, but also an effective means for clinical screening and evaluation of anti-cataract drugs. Therefore, this paper reviews the construction methods, characteristics and application in drug evaluation of animal models of artificially induced and congenital cataracts at home and abroad in recent years, summarizes the research progress of anti-cataract drugs based on different pharmacological mechanisms, and proposes that the discovery of crystalloid aggregate protein dissolving drugs should be increased at present, in order to promote the development of cataract drug therapy.

R965.1;R988.1

江苏省创新能力建设计划科技公共服务平台项目(BM2021002)