目的 探讨参苓健脾胃颗粒对脾虚模型大鼠的胃肠调节作用及机制。方法 将60只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、莫沙必利（1.35 mg·kg^-1）组和参苓健脾胃颗粒低、中、高剂量（0.45、0.90、1.80 g·kg^-1）组，每组10只。对照组在正常实验环境中饲养，给予正常饲料；其余各组均按照25 mL·kg^-1于实验1、3、5、7、9、11、13 d ig给予液体猪油，并于2、4、6、8、10、12、14 d ig给予25 mL·kg^-1 30%蜂蜜水；同时每天将大鼠放入水深约20 cm，水温为25~29℃的桶中进行20 min游泳，随后将大鼠饲养于含有浸湿刨花垫料的饲养笼中，造模时间为14 d。从第15天开始，将大鼠置于正常环境中饲养，并开始ig给予药物，每天1次，连续14 d。采用称质量法计算大鼠胃残留率，小肠炭末推进法计算大鼠肠推进率；采用间苯三酚法检测大鼠尿D-木糖排泄率；利用酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠血清胃动素（MTL）、胃泌素（GAS）、生长抑素（SS）和P-物质（SP）水平，以及炎性因子白细胞介素-10（IL-10）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平；利用实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）法检测大鼠结肠黏膜水通道蛋白3（AQP3） mRNA转录水平的变化。结果 实验期间，对照组未见异常，模型组出现厌食、倦怠、迟钝、便溏等现象，体质量增长减缓，从第13天开始，体质量显著低于对照组（P<0.001）；给药结束，参苓健脾胃颗粒大鼠状态明显改善，实验25、28 d，与模型组比较，参苓健脾胃颗粒中、高剂量组大鼠体质量显著增加（P< 0.001）。与模型组比较，参苓健脾胃颗粒中、高剂量组胃排空率增加（P<0.001），参苓健脾胃颗粒低、中和高剂量组小肠炭末推进率显著增加（P<0.01、0.001）；参苓健脾胃颗粒中、高剂量组尿D-木糖排泄率显著增加（P<0.05）；参苓健脾胃颗粒中、高剂量组MTL水平显著升高（P<0.05、0.001），参苓健脾胃颗粒低、中和高剂量组GAS水平显著升高（P<0.05、0.001），参苓健脾胃颗粒高剂量组SS水平显著降低（P<0.01）；参苓健脾胃颗粒高剂量组血清TNF-α水平显著降低（P<0.01），参苓健脾胃颗粒中、高剂量组IL-10含量显著增高（P<0.01、0.001）；参苓健脾胃颗粒高剂量组AQP-3 mRNA转录水平显著上调（P<0.05）。结论 参苓健脾胃颗粒治疗脾虚模型大鼠的作用机制可能与其增强胃肠运动、增加胃肠激素分泌、抑制湿阻所致的消化道炎症以及促进水分从肠腔的吸收有关。

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Shenling Jianpiwei Keli on spleen deficiency model rats. Methods Sixty rats were divided into control group, spleen deficiency model group, moxapride group (1.35 mg·kg^-1), Shenling Jianpiwei Keli low (0.45 g·kg^-1), medium (0.9 g·kg^-1) and high dose (1.8 g·kg^-1) group with 10 in each group. The control group was fed in normal experimental environment and given normal diet. The other groups were ig given liquid lard (25 mL·kg^-1) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13, and 25 mL·kg^-1 30% honey water ig on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14. At the same time, the rats were placed in a bucket with a water depth of about 20 cm and a water temperature of 25-29℃ for 20 min every day for swimming, and then the rats were housed in a cage containing wet shavings bedding material. The modeling time was 14 days. From the 15th day, the rats were kept in a normal environment and given drugs ig once a day for 14 days. The gastric residual rate of rats was calculated by weighing method, the intestinal propulsion rate was calculated by small intestine charcoal propulsion method, the excretory rate of urine D-xylose was determined by phloroglucinol method, and the serum levels of motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS) and substance P (SP), the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA transcription of Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in colonic mucosa of rats. Results During the experiment, there was no abnormality in the control group, and the model group showed anorexia, tiredness, retardation and loose stool, and the body mass growth slowed down. From day 13, the body weight of the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P< 0.001). At the end of the administration, the state of the spleen and stomach of rats in Shenling Jianpiwei Keli groups improved significantly. On day 25 and 28 of experiment, compared with model group, the body weight of rats in medium and high dose groups was significantly increased (P< 0.001). In comparison with the model group, the gastric emptying rate increased in the medium and high-dose groups of Shenling Jianpiwei Keli (P< 0.001), the propulsion rate of charcoal powder in the small intestine increased significantly in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups of Shenling Jianpiwei Keli (P< 0.01 and 0.001), the excretory rate of urine D-xylose increased in the medium and high-dose groups of Shenling Jianpiwei Keli (P< 0.05), the MTL levels were significantly increased in the middle and high-dose groups (P< 0.05 and 0.001), the GAS levels were significantly higher in the low-, moderate-and high-dose groups (P< 0.05 and 0.001), the SS level was significantly reduced in the high-dose group (P< 0.01), serum TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in the high-dose group (P< 0.01), the IL-10 content was significantly higher in the medium and high-dose groups (P< 0.01 and 0.001), and AQP-3 mRNA transcripts were significantly upregulated in the high-dose group (P< 0.05). Conclusion The mechanism of Shenling Jianpiwei Keli in the treatment of spleen deficiency rats may be related to enhancing gastrointestinal motility, increasing gastrointestinal hormone secretion, inhibiting gastrointestinal inflammation caused by dampness and promoting the absorption of water from intestinal cavity.

R285.5

中国中医科学院科技创新工程重大攻关项目（CI2021A04802）