磁性氧化铁纳米粒子（MION）作为一种重要的纳米材料，因其特殊性质（如磁性、较好的生物相容性）在生物医药领域应用广泛，在与人脑相关的疾病诊断和治疗方面发挥重要作用。然而，MION在脑内的蓄积可能会导致潜在的神经毒性。从MION的表征、入脑方式、神经毒性效应以及神经毒性机制等方面概述了MION的神经毒性研究进展。目前，研究者对纳米毒理学中的神经毒理学还了解甚少，轻度或中度的神经毒性可能很微妙且难以检测。因此，对于MION这类可能入脑或用于诊断和治疗神经系统疾病的纳米药物，应深入探究其神经毒性作用机制，进而建立有效的安全性评价方法和策略，以指导临床合理用药。

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) is an important nanomaterials for its magnetism and biocompatibility, especially in the field of biology and medicine. It also plays an important role on the diagnosis and treatment of brain's diseases. However, this may result in MION's accumulation in the brain, leading to neurotoxicity. This article reviews the progress of neurotoxicity of MION, involving MION's entry into the brain, characterization, effects on the brain and the mechanism of neurotoxicity. Currently, understand little on nano-neurotoxicity, for difficulty of identifying the mild or moderate neurotoxicity caused by nanomedicine. Therefore, for nanomedicine like MION that might enter the brain to diagnose and treat neurodegenerative diseases, mechanism of neurotoxicity should be studied thoroughly and methods assessing its safety should be established to guide its use clinically.

十三五重大新药创制专项资助项目（2018ZX09201017）