目的 比较瓜蒌薤白半夏汤（GXBD）不同提取部位对心肌缺血大鼠的保护作用，初步探寻该经典方剂干预"胸痹"的物质基础。方法 瓜蒌、薤白、法半夏的比例为5：2：2，95%乙醇加热回流提取3次，依次用石油醚、氯仿、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇及水进行萃取，得GXB1~GXB5部位；药渣水煎后得GXB6部位。Wistar大鼠结扎冠状动脉左前降支，制备急性心肌缺血（AMI）模型。采用多导生理记录仪监测大鼠心电图，并统计ST段抬高阳性率。心肌切片氧化三苯四氮唑（TTC）法染色后，采用图像分析处理系统测算心肌梗死率。生化试剂盒检测血清肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）的活性。采用AMI动物模型及心肌缺血诊断指标评价GXBD的6个部位干预AMI的药效，首先进行各部位各剂量的纵向比较，确定每个部位的最佳作用剂量；然后进行6个部位之间的横向比较，筛选出有效部位。最后，对有效部位的化学成分进行理化鉴定。结果 对于AMI模型大鼠，GXB4~GXB6均能够显著降低AMI大鼠的心电图ST段抬高阳性率、心肌梗死率及血清CK、CK-MB活性，其中GXB4作用最显著；而GXB1~GXB3虽然也显示出一定的缺血保护作用，但结果无显著性差异。GXB4~GXB6部位共有的化学成分为糖类、香豆素、苷类，GXB4特有的成分为甾体及萜类。结论 GXB4~GXB6部位对AMI有显著干预效果，GXB4效果最为显著；发挥AMI保护作用的物质可能是糖类、香豆素、苷类、甾体及萜类。

Objective To compare the protective effects of different extracts of Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction (GXBD) on myocardial ischemia in rats, and to explore the material basis of this classic prescription for intervention in "chest pain". Method The ratio of whole scallion, scallion white, and Pinellia ternata is 5:2:2, 95% ethanol is heated and refluxed for three times, and then extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water to obtain GXB1-GXB5 parts. GXB6 parts are obtained after decocting the dregs. Wistar rats ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery to prepare an acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) model. A multi-channel victory recorder was used to monitor the rat electrocardiogram, and the positive rate of ST segment elevation was counted. After the myocardial slices were stained with triphenyltetrazolium oxide (TTC), the myocardial infarction rate was measured by the image analysis and processing system. The biochemical kit detects the activity of serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). Using the above-mentioned animal models and diagnostic indicators of myocardial ischemia, the efficacy of six parts from GXBD on intervention AMI was firstly compared within each part to find the best dose of each part, then the six parts were compared. The horizontal comparison, screen out the effective parts. Finally, physical and chemical identification of the chemical composition of the effective part. Results For AMI model rats, GXB4-GXB6 can significantly reduce the positive rate of ST segment elevation, myocardial infarction rate and serum CK and CK-MB activities in AMI rats. GXB4 has the strongest effect, and GXB1-GXB3 although the three parts of also showed a certain ischemic protection, the statistical results showed no significant difference. Conclusion The common chemical components of GXB4-GXB6 are:polysaccharide, coumarins, glycosides, and the unique components of GXB4 are steroids and terpenes. The three parts of GXB4- GXB6 have a significant intervention effect on AMI, and GXB4 has the most significant effect, the substances that exert the protective effect of AMI may be polysaccharide, coumarins, glycosides, steroids and terpenes.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（81573852）；山东省重点研发计划公益类项目（2018GSF119009）；山东省自然科学基金资助项目（ZR201911150033）.