高尿酸血症是人体内嘌呤代谢紊乱而引起的一种代谢性疾病，也是诱发痛风的生物化学基础。由于肾脏是尿酸排泄的主要器官，其在尿酸平衡中发挥重要作用，高尿酸血症与慢性肾病、糖尿病肾病、IgA肾病等肾脏疾病的发生与发展密切相关。目前，临床常用的降尿酸药物包括：抑制尿酸生成药物（别嘌醇和非布司他）、促进尿酸排泄药物（丙磺舒和苯溴马隆）以及促进尿酸降解药物（拉布立酶和普瑞凯希），但这些药物在有效性和安全性上仍存在使用缺陷。综述高尿酸血症及其治疗药物与肾脏疾病的关联性，以期为临床中具有肾脏获益的新型降尿酸药物开发提供参考。

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by the disorder of purine metabolism in the human body, and it is also the biochemical basis for inducing gout. Since the kidney is the main organ for uric acid excretion, it plays an important role in uric acid balance. Hyperuricemia is closely related to the occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and other kidney diseases. At present, the commonly used clinical drugs for lowering uric acid include:drugs that inhibit the production of uric acid (allopurinol and febuxostat), drugs that promote the excretion of uric acid (probenecid and benzbromarone), and drugs that promote the degradation of uric acid (rasburicase and pegloticase), but these drugs still have some defects in their effectiveness and safety. This article reviews the relationship between hyperuricemia, kidney disease and uric acidlowering drugs, in order to provide reference for the development of new uric acid-lowering drugs with renal benefits in clinical practice.

R977.7

天津市科技计划资助项目（19YFZCSY00630）；中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程资助项目（2019-I2M-5-020）