[关键词]
[摘要]
抗血小板药物是预防和治疗心肌梗死和缺血性脑卒中等动脉血栓疾病的主要药物,目前应用的该类药物主要包括阿司匹林、P2Y12受体拮抗剂、糖蛋白IIb/IIIa(GPIIb/IIIa)受体拮抗剂和蛋白酶激活受体(PAR1)拮抗剂等。尽管已有抗血小板药物能够在一定程度上降低动脉血栓疾病的发生,但出血副作用不容忽视。随着对血小板相关机制研究的不断深入,越来越多抗血小板药物新靶点被发现,包括蛋白酶激活受体(PARs)、血小板糖蛋白VI(GPVI)、磷脂酰肌醇激酶(PI3Kβ)和蛋白二硫键异构酶(PDI)等。综述了已上市的抗血小板药物、目前临床应用存在的问题以及以新靶点研发的研究状况。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Antiplatelet drugs are the main drugs for the prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Antiplatelet drugs already available mainly include aspirin, P2Y12 receptor antagonists, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) receptor antagonists and protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonists. Although the existing antiplatelet drugs can reduce the incidence of arterial thrombotic diseases to a certain extent, their bleeding side effects should not be ignored. With the development of platelet related mechanism, more and more new targets of antiplatelet drugs have been revealed, including protease activated receptor (PARs), platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI), phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3Kβ) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). This paper reviews the research and development of antiplatelet drugs, the existing problems in clinical application and the research status of antiplatelet drugs with new targets.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
天津市第二批特支计划青年拔尖人才基金(TJTZJH-QNBJRC-2-7);天津市科技计划项目(19YFZCSY00620)