千金子为常见中药，含有二萜类、甾醇类、香豆素类、黄酮类、挥发油、脂肪油等丰富的化学成分和广泛的药物活性。二萜类化合物为其主要成分和活性成分，其中续随子烷二萜型和巨大戟烷二萜型两种骨架构成了千金子中的主要二萜类成分，具有致泻、抗肿瘤、抗肿瘤多药耐药、调节肠道菌群、祛斑美白等多种生物活性。通过整理、分析相关文献，全面综述了从千金子中分离出的二萜醇酯类成分及其生物活性，并对部分生物活性作用机制以及构效关系加以介绍，为千金子二萜醇酯类成分及其生物活性方面的研究提供文献参考，以期为更好地开发利用千金子提供科学依据。

Euphorbiae Semen is a common Chinese medicine, containing diterpenoids, sterols, coumarins, flavonoids, volatile oils, fatty oils and many other chemical components with a wide range of pharmaceutical activities. Diterpenoids are the main component and active ingredient, among which the two types of Lathyrane and Ingenane take the major part, with diarrhea, anti-tumor, antitumor multi-drug resistance, regulation of intestinal flora, ecchymosis and other biological activities. This paper comprehensively reviews the diterpenoid esters isolated from Euphorbiae Semen and their biological activities, and introduces the mechanisms of some biological acitivities and structure-activity relationships by collating and analyzing relevant literatures. It will provide a literature reference for the research on the constituents of diterpenoid esters and their biological activities, expectedly provide a scientific basis for better development and utilization of Euphorbiae Semen.

北京市自然科学基金项目（7182097）；国家自然科学基金项目（81673597）