目的 通过分析肺表面活性物质（PS）的不同首剂量对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）的临床疗效。方法 选取2015年4月—2018年3月在平顶山市第一人民医院收治确诊的NRDS 100例作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为70 mg/kg剂量组和100 mg/kg剂量组，每组各50例，分别给予注射用牛肺表面活性剂首剂量70、100 mg/kg出生体质量的治疗剂量。比较两组患儿的机械通气时间、氧疗时间、再次应用PS率、住院肺炎发生率及治疗前后的氧分压（pO₂）、二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）、吸入氧浓度（FiO₂）、平均动脉压（MAP）。结果 治疗后，100 mg/kg组患儿的机械通气时间、氧疗时间、再次应用PS率、住院肺炎发生率均低于70 mg/kg组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），但两组患儿住院时间相比没有显著差异。两组患儿经过治疗后pO₂、pCO₂、FiO₂、MAP均优于治疗前，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），其中100 mg/kg组患儿治疗后pCO₂、FiO₂、MAP明显优于70 mg/kg组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），但治疗后两组pO₂差异无统计学意义。结论 注射用牛肺表面活性剂首剂量100 mg/kg出生体质量应用于新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症，能有效显著缩短患儿的氧疗时间及住院时间，降低住院肺炎发生率，具有较好的临床应用价值。

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of different initial doses of pulmonary surfactant (PS) for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods Children (100 cases) with NRDS in Pingdingshan First People's Hospital from April 2015 to March 2018 were divided into 70 mg/kg dose group and 100 mg/kg dose group by random number table method, 50 cases in each group, the initial doses of Calf Pulmonary Surfactant for Injection were 70 and 100 mg/kg body mass of birth respectively. Mechanical ventilation duration, oxygen therapy time, PS rate of reapplication, incidence of pneumonia in hospital in two groups were compared, and the pO₂, pCO₂, FiO₂, and MAP in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the mechanical ventilation duration, oxygen therapy time, PS rate of reapplication, and the incidence of pneumonia in hospital in the 100 mg/kg group were lower than those in the 100 mg/kg group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in hospital stay between two groups. After treatment, pO₂, pCO₂, FiO₂ and MAP in two groups were all better than those before, and the difference between two groups before and after treatment was statistically significant (P<0.05). And pCO₂, FiO₂ and MAP in the 100 mg/kg group were significantly better than that of the 70 mg/kg group after treatment, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05), but pO₂ in two groups had no statistically significant difference after treatment. Conclusion The initial dose of Calf Pulmonary Surfactant for Injection 100 mg/kg was applied to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, which can effectively shorten the duration of oxygen therapy and hospitalization, reduce the incidence of pneumonia in hospital, and has good clinical application value.