马兜铃酸类成分是广泛存在于马兜铃科植物中的硝基菲类化合物，已被证实具有肾毒性、致癌和致基因突变等作用。我国自2003年以来采取一系列风险控制措施，其中马兜铃酸含量高的关木通、广防己和青木香等药材已被禁用。目前，一些马兜铃酸含量低的中药材与中成药仍在使用中，鉴于马兜铃酸成分对人体的严重危害性，有必要进一步加强相关药材与制剂的风险评估。在归纳马兜铃酸类成分结构等基本信息的基础上，对近年来的检测分析方法进展进行了总结，为其风险控制与安全使用提供了科学依据。

Aristolochic acids are nitrophenanthrene compounds widely existed in Aristolochia plants. It has been proved that they have renal toxicity, carcinogenesis and gene mutation. A series of risk control measurements has been adopted in our country since 2003. For example, Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis, Radix Aristolochia Fangji and Radix Aristolochiae with high content of aristolochic acids have been banned. At present, some Chinese herbal medicines and preparations with low content of aristolochic acids are still in use. Due to the serious harmfulness of aristolochic acids to human, It's necessary to further strenghthen the risk assessment of related species. This review summarizes the basic chemical information of the aristolochic acids and progress in detection and analysis methods in recent years. It provides a scientific basis for risk control and safe use of related species.