目的 探讨儿童使用喜炎平注射液致过敏性休克（AS）的危险因素，为临床安全用药提供参考。方法 回顾分析2016年1月-2018年10月荆门市第一人民医院、荆门市第二人民医院和荆门市石化医院上报的680例儿童使用喜炎平注射液发生不良反应（ADR）的临床资料，根据AS诊断标准分为AS组（128例）和非AS组（552例），采用单因素（χ2检验）及多因素（Logistic回归）对严重过敏反应的险因素进行分析。结果 儿童使用喜炎平注射液发生AS占ADR的18.82%，49.22%发生在首次用药30 min内，绝大部分患者经停药、吸氧、抗过敏等干预后其过敏症状逐渐改善，最后均痊愈出院。单因素分析显示年龄、体质量指数、过敏史、入住ICU、肾功能、联合用药种类数、联合中药注射剂、超剂量用药、输液浓度和预处理与AS相关。多因素分析显示预处理（输液前后冲管）、肌酐清除率<30 mL/min、入住ICU、输液浓度>1mg/mL、联用中药注射剂、超剂量用药和年龄<3岁是儿童使用喜炎平注射液发生AS的独立危险因素。结论 临床实践中应重点关注有独立危险因素的患者，以保证儿童患者使用喜炎平注射液临床安全用药。

Objective To investigate risk factors of anaphylactic shock(AS)caused by Xiyanping Injection in children, and provide a reference for clinical safety medication. Methods Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 680 children who were treated with Xiyanping Injection in Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen Second People's Hospital and Jingmen Petrochemical Hospital from January of 2016 to October of 2018. According to AS diagnostic criteria, they were divided into AS group (128 patients) and non-AS group (552 patients). Univariate (χ² test) and multiple factors (Logistic regression) were used to select risk factors that related to AS. Results The incidence of AS in children Xiyanping Injection accounted for 18.82% of ADR. And 49.22% AS occurred within 30 minutes of the first medication. Most of patients gradually improved their allergy symptoms after drug withdrawal, oxygen inhalation, and anti-allergic interventions. Univariate analysis showed that the age, body mass index (BMI), history of allergies, admission to the ICU, number of combinations, combined Chinese medicine injections, overdose medication, infusion concentration, and pretreatment of patient associated with AS, and multiple factors analysis showed that pretreatment (infusion tube), creatinine clearance<30 mL/min, admission to ICU, infusion concentration>1 mg/mL, combination of traditional Chinese medicine injection, overdose medication and age<3 years were independent risk factors. Conclusion Clinical practice should focus on patients with independent risk factors to ensure clinical safety use of Xiyanping Injection.