目的 探讨布拉氏酵母菌对不同年龄阶段急性支气管肺炎住院患儿发生抗生素相关性腹泻（AAD）的预防效果。方法 按入院时间将2014年3月-2017年3月326例急性支气管肺炎住院患儿分为对照组（n=155）与研究组（n=171），两组均静脉应用抗生素治疗，同时仅研究组加服布拉氏酵母菌散，疗程5 d。比较两组腹泻发生情况及腹泻治疗效果。结果 研究组AAD的发生率为22.22%，明显低于对照组的34.19%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；研究组≤ 2岁患儿的AAD发生率显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），但两组>2岁患儿的AAD发生率比较差异无统计学意义。≤ 2岁患儿AAD发生率为38.17%，显著高于>2岁患儿（14.28%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组2岁以下及2岁以上AAD患儿腹泻持续时间明显短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），且研究组中2岁以上AAD患儿腹泻持续时间明显短于2岁以下。研究组2岁以下及2岁以上AAD患儿72 h好转率均明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与治疗前相比，两组2岁以下及2岁以上AAD患儿血清IgG水平明显升高，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后，研究组2岁以下及2岁以上AAD患儿血清IgG水平明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且研究组2岁以上患儿IgG水平显著高于2岁以下患儿，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 对于急性支气管肺炎患儿，在合理使用抗生素的同时补充布拉氏酵母菌对AAD有良好的预防效果，尤其是婴幼儿AAD表现出更好的预防效果，可提高患儿免疫能力，改善免疫系统功能，且无不良反应。

Objective Toinvestigate the preventive effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on antibiotic associated diarrhea in hospitalized children with acute bronchial pneumonia. Methods 326 hospitalized children with acute bronchopneumonia during Mar. 2014 to Mar.2017 were divided into control group (n=155) and study group (n=171) according to the time of admission. The two groups were treated with antibiotics, and only the study group added Saccharomyces boulardii at the same time. The incidence of diarrhea and the effect of diarrhea were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence rate of AAD in study group was 22.22% significantly lower than 34.19% in control group (P<0.05). In study group the ≤ 2 years old children of the incidence rate of AAD was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), but between the two groups, >2 years old children with AAD there were no significant differences. ≤ 2 years old children with AAD rate of 38.17% was significantly higher than >2 years old children14.28% (P<0.05). After and before treatment, ≤ 2 and >2 years older children with AAD of study group diarrhea duration was significantly shorter than the control group (P<0.05), and >2 years older children with AAD diarrhea duration was significantly shorter than ≤ 2 years older in the study group. The following ≤ 2 and >2 years old children with AAD 72 h the improvement rate were significantly higher than the control group. After treatment, the study group ≤ 2 and >2 years old children with AAD serum level of IgG was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the control group ≤ 2 and >2 years old children with AAD serum level of IgG was significantly increased (P<0.05). After treatment, serum IgG levels increased significantly in ≤ 2 and >2 years old children with AAD in study group (P<0.05), and the levels of IgG in >2 years old children were significantly higher than ≤ 2 years old children (P<0.05). Conclusion For children with acute bronchial pneumonia, antibiotics used rationally and Saccharomyces boulardii supplemented have good preventive effect on AAD. Especially, infants and young children with antibiotic associated diarrhea showed better preventive effects, which can improve the immune ability of children and improve the immune system function, without any side effects