目的 探讨复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合蒙脱石散治疗婴幼儿肺炎抗生素相关性腹泻（antibiotic associated diarrhea，AAD）的疗效。方法 选取80例AAD患儿，按随机数字表法分为两组，对照组（39例）口服蒙脱石散，观察组（41例）给予蒙脱石散联合嗜酸乳杆菌片，观察并记录两组患者治疗后的疗效，临床症状缓解情况，免疫功能变化及治疗期间不良反应发生情况，评价复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合蒙脱石散治疗AAD的疗效。结果 治疗后观察组有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，观察组退热时间、纠正脱水时间、止泻时间均明显短于对照组（P<0.05）；治疗后，观察组血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA水平均明显上升（P<0.05），T淋巴细胞亚群CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺水平均明显上升（P<0.05），相比之下，对照组治疗前后血清免疫球蛋白和T淋巴细胞亚群无明显变化。治疗期间，两组均无明显不良反应发生。结论 复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合蒙脱石散对AAD具有较好的治疗效果，能迅速改善腹泻症状，提高小儿体内免疫球蛋白水平，值得临床推广使用。

Objective To discuss the clinical observation of Montmorillonite combined with Compound Eosinophil-Lactobacillus Tablet in the treatment of pneumonia infants of antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD). Methods Eighty pneumonia infants with antibiotic associated diarrhea were selected, they were divided into two groups according to the random number table method. The observation group (41 cases) was given Montmorillonite. The control group (39 cases) was given Montmorillonite and Compound Eosinophil-Lactobacillus. The efficacy of Montmorillonite combined with compound Eosinophil-Lactobacillus Tablet in the treatment of pneumonia infants of antibiotic associated diarrhea was evaluated by efficacy, clinical symptom, immune function changes and adverse reactions during the treatment period. Results After treatment, the effective rate of observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the fever time, correcting dehydration time, and antidiarrheal time of observation group was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum IgG, IgA, and T lymphocyte subsets of CD₃⁺, CD₄⁺ levels were significantly increased in the observation group (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance on CD8+ before and after treatment. In contrast, there were no statistical significance on the serum immunoglobulin and T lymphocyte subsets before and after treatment in the control group. During the treatment period, no adverse reaction occurred in two groups. Conclusion In summary, Montmorillonite combined with Compound Eosinophil-Lactobacillus Tablet had a good effect on AAD. They could quickly improve the symptoms of diarrhea and immunoglobulin levels in children. It was worthy of clinical use.