目的 探讨短疗程与长疗程左氧氟沙星联合尿激酶胸腔注射治疗结核性胸膜炎的疗效及安全性。方法 收取2011年10月至2014年10月陕西省结核病防治研究所收治的112例结核性胸膜炎患者，按随机数字表法分为A组与B组各56例。两组患者均进行尿激酶胸腔注射，A组接受短疗程左氧氟沙星治疗，B组接受长疗程左氧氟沙星治疗。对两组患者疗效、症状相关指标、复发情况以及不良反应进行观察与比较。结果 A组患者治疗总有效率（92.86%）与B组（85.71%）相比无显著差异。治疗3个月后，两组患者在胸水排出总量、胸水吸收时间、胸腔穿刺次数、胸膜厚度、胸膜粘连发生率、FEV1%和FVC%均无明显差异。截止随访结束时，A组患者复发率为1.79%；B组患者复发率为3.57%。两组相比无显著差异。A组患者不良反应发生率（14.29%）明显低于B组（37.50%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 短疗程与长疗程左氧氟沙星联合尿激酶胸腔注射治疗结核性胸膜炎疗效相当，但短疗程可明显减少不良反应发生率，值得临床推广使用。

Objective To explore the effect and safety of short course and long course levofloxacin combined with urokinase injection in treatment of tuberculous pleurisy. Methods Totally 112 patients with tuberculous pleurisy accepted in Shaanxi Provincial TB Prevention Hospital from October 2011 to October 2014 were selected and randomly divided into group A and group B with 56 cases in each group. All patients underwent urokinase injection. Group A were given short term of levofloxacine, and group B were given long term levofloxacine. Effect, indexes, recurrence, and adverse reactions of two groups were observed and compared. Results Total efficacy of group A (92.86%) had no difference with group B (85.71%). After 3 months treatment, all indexes had no statistically significance of two groups. Recurrence rates of group A and B were 1.79% and 3.57%, and there was no obviously difference. Adverse reaction rate of group A (14.29%) was obviously lower than that of group B (37.50%), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Short course and long course levofloxacin combined with urokinase injection have similar effect in treatment of tuberculous pleurisy. But short course can reduce adverse reaction rate, which is worth clinical application.