目的 回顾性分析国内某三级甲等医院2010—2012年两种Ⅰ类切口手术患者（其中甲状腺手术107例、腹股沟疝手术93例）预防性应用有关抗菌药的情况，为抗菌药物专项治理工作的深入开展提供参考。方法 对抗菌药物使用率、品种、用药时机、人均用药天数、术前0.5～2 h给药率进行统计分析。参考卫生部办公厅《关于继续深入开展全国抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动的通知》等有关文件要求，评价抗菌药物专项整治成效。结果 头孢类抗菌素使用率最高，且头孢一代抗菌素使用率逐年提高；术前0.5～2 h给药率逐年上升；不合理使用率逐年降低。结论 抗菌药物专项治理后，外科Ⅰ类切口手术预防性应用抗菌药物的不合理现象较之前显著降低，但是有关抗菌药的合理应用与管理问题仍需加强。

Objective A retrospective analysis on the prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in the patients undergoing two kinds of Type I incision surgery from 2010 to 2012 in a tertiary medicinal center (including 107 cases of thyroid surgery and 93 cases of inguinal hernia surgery) was carried out to provide a reference for the deep development of governance in the future. Methods Antimicrobial usage, varieties, medication timing, the number of days per treatment, preoperative 0.5 ~ 2 h dosing rate were analyzed. With the reference of “on National Clinical use of Antibiotics Continue to Carry out Special Rectification Activities” by the General Office of the Ministry of Health and other relevant documents, the antimicrobial effectiveness of the special rectification was evaluated. Results Rates of cephalosporin class of antibiotics were highest, and the usage of generation I cephalosporin antibiotic had increased annually; 0.5 ~ 2 h before surgery administration increased year by year; unreasonable utilization decreased year by year. Conclusion After the special control on antimicrobial agents, the unreasonable phenomenon on preventive application of antibacterial drugs of surgical typeⅠ incision was significantly lower than before, but the effort should be made on the reasonable application of antibacterial drugs and the management issues.