药物临床前安全性评价是在药物上市前保证药物安全的一个重要的环节，而其中一个主要目标是为了找出潜在的毒性靶器官以及研究毒性是否可逆。由于造血系统常常会受到药物的影响，所以骨髓涂片评价也是在药物安全性评价中评估药物对造血系统影响的一个重要的组成部分，对常规骨髓涂片的操作过程以及重要性进行综述。

An important link of preclinical safety evaluation of drugs is to ensure the pre-market drug safety. One of the primary goals is to identify potential target organs for toxicity and to study whether such toxicity is reversible. As the hematopoietic system is often subject to the influence of drugs, the bone marrow smear evaluation is also an important component in assessing the impact of drugs on the hematopoietic system in preclinical safety evaluation of drugs. This article provides a review in operation and significance of routine bone marrow smear.