目的 通过观察咳喘顺丸对感染后咳嗽大鼠模型的影响，为咳喘顺丸的现代药理药效和机制研究提供支撑。方法 将SD大鼠分为对照组、模型组、咳喘顺丸（0.79、1.58、3.16 g/kg）组、苏黄止咳胶囊组、盐酸二氧丙嗪片组，运用烟熏联合脂多糖滴鼻及辣椒素雾化的方式建立大鼠感染后咳嗽模型。观察大鼠咳嗽次数、咳嗽潜伏期、脏器指数，检测肺泡灌洗液细胞因子[白细胞介素（IL）-4、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、神经肽P物质（SP）、神经激肽A（NKA）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）]水平和细胞学指标[白细胞数（WBC）、中性粒细胞数（NEUT）、淋巴细胞数（LYMPH）]，检查肺脏组织病理学。结果 与模型组相比，咳喘顺丸（1.58、3.16 g/kg）组显著降低大鼠咳嗽次数（P＜0.01），其中咳喘顺丸3.16 g/kg组显著推迟首次咳嗽出现的时间（P＜0.05）；咳喘顺丸（0.79、1.58、3.16 g/kg）组病理结果显示肺部杯状细胞增生、肺泡壁炎细胞浸润、支气管相关淋巴组织增生等病变程度总体有所降低，肺脏脏器系数均显著下降（P＜0.01）；咳喘顺丸（0.79、1.58、3.16 g/kg）组肺泡灌洗液WBC和LYMPH显著降低（P＜0.05、0.01），咳喘顺丸3.16 g/kg组NEUT显著降低（P＜0.05）；咳喘顺丸（0.79 g/kg）组SP、NKA水平均显著降低（P＜0.01）；咳喘顺丸（1.58、3.16 g/kg）组SP、NKA、CGRP1水平显著降低（P＜0.01）。结论 咳喘顺丸对感染后咳嗽模型大鼠的咳嗽症状、肺部炎症、咳嗽相关生化指标以及肺部炎性细胞浸润性病理变化均有改善作用，其抑制肺部炎症可能与降低肺部NKA、SP和CGRP1，改善支气管上皮易激状态相关。

Objective To observe the effect of Kechuanshun Pills on post-infectious cough models, to provide modern pharmacological efficacy and mechanism research support for Kechuan Shun Pills. Methods SD Rats were divided into the control group, the model group, the Kechuanshun Pills group (0.79, 1.58, 3.16 g/kg), the Suhuang Zhike Capsules group, and the Dioxpromazine Hydrochloride Tablets group. The post-infection cough model of rats was established by smoking combined with lipopolysaccharide nasal drops and capsaicin nebulization. Frequency and latency of coughing, and lung organ coefficient of rats, the cytokines in alveolar lavage fluid (IL-4, IFN-γ), the levels of TNF-α, SP, NKA, and CGRP were detected. Cytological indicators of alveolar lavage fluid (WBC, NEUT, LYMPH) were examined. The histopathology of lung tissue was also examined. Results Compared with the model group, the Kechuanshun Pills (1.58, 3.16 g/kg) groups significantly reduced the number of coughs in rats (P < 0.01), among which the Kechuanshun Pill 3.16 g/kg group significantly delayed the onset time of the first cough (P < 0.05). The pathological results of the Kechuanshun Pills (0.79, 1.58, 3.16 g/kg) group showed that the degree of lesions such as goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs, alveolar wall inflammation cell infiltration, and broncho-related lymphoid tissue hyperplasia was generally reduced, and the lung organ coefficients were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The WBC and LYMPH in the alveolar lavage fluid of the Kechuanshun Pills group (0.79, 1.58, 3.16 g/kg) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the NEUT in the Kechuanshun Pills 3.16 g/kg group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The levels of SP and NKA in the Kechuanshun Pill (0.79 g/kg) group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the levels of SP, NKA, and CGRP1 in the Kechuanshun Pills group (1.58, 3.16 g/kg) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusion Kechuanshun Pills have improvement effects on cough symptoms, pulmonary inflammation, cough-related biochemical indicators and pathological changes of inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs of post-infection cough model rats. Its inhibition of pulmonary inflammation may be related to the reduction of pulmonary NKA, SP and CGRP1, and the improvement of the irritable state of bronchial epithelium.

R285.5

广东省科技计划项目（2021B1212050018）