目的 探究2016—2018年海南省临高县人民医院感染性疾病病原菌的分布及耐药性，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 收集海南省临高县人民医院2016—2018年标本共计225份，对病原菌的分布及耐药性进行分析。结果 共收集得到225份样本，其中来自血液的样本占比最大，为46.2%，其次为尿液，占比为20.4%；临床分离的病原菌主要来自感染科、泌尿科、ICU和血液科；革兰阴性菌占比最大，为79.6%，主要为大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌；革兰阳性菌有33株，构成比为14.7%，主要为金黄色葡萄球菌，且2016—2018年病原菌分离率逐年提高。大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率均呈逐年上升的趋势，均对头孢唑啉的耐药率达到100.0%，对多黏菌素E的耐药率均较低，在10%以下。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林的耐药率最高，为100.0%，对呋喃妥因、喹奴普汀/达福普汀、头孢西丁的耐药率较低，在13%以下。结论 海南省临高县人民医院感染性疾病病原菌主要为革兰阴性菌，耐药情况较为严重，应提高重视并且合理用药。

Objective To explore the distribution of pathogenic bacteria of infectious diseases in Lingao County People's Hospital of Hainan Province from 2016 to 2018, and to provide a basis for clinical rational drug use. Methods A total of 225 specimens from Lingao County People's Hospital of Hainan Province from 2016 to 2018 were collected, and the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens were analyzed. Results A total of 225 samples were collected, of which the blood samples were the largest, accounting for 46.2%, followed by urine, accounting for 20.4%. The clinical isolates were mainly from Department of Infectious Diseases, Urology, ICU, and Hematology. The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria was the most, accounting for 79.6%, and were mainly Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. There were 33 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (14.7%), were mainly Staphylococcus aureus. And the isolation rate of pathogenic bacteria increased year by year. The trend of drug resistance rates of major pathogens such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii was increasing year by year. Among them, the resistance rate of the above three pathogens against cefazolin reached 100.0%, while against polymyxin E was low, with below 10%. The resistance rate of S. aureus against penicillin and ampicillin was the highest (100.0%). But the resistance rate of S. aureus against macrodantin, quinupristin/dalfopristin was lower, with below 13%. Conclusion The pathogens of infectious diseases in Lingao County People's Hospital of Hainan Province are mainly Gram-negative bacteria, and the drug resistance is more serious. It should be paid more attention and rational use of drugs.