目的 探讨酒石酸布托啡诺注射液对肾移植术患者全麻苏醒期的影响。方法 选择2017年5月—2017年12月在天津市第一中心医院行同种异体肾移植术患者60例作为研究对象，将所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组各30例。两组患者全麻诱导和维持用药方式相同，治疗组在开始缝皮前静脉注射酒石酸布托啡诺注射液0.02 mg/kg，对照组给予相同容量生理盐水。观察并记录术后拔管前5 min（T₁）、拔管即刻（T₂）、拔管后5 min（T₃）、拔管后10 min（T₄）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO₂）。并于拔管术后2、4、8、12 h时记录患者VAS评分、Ramsay评分。观察术后不良反应情况、术后镇痛泵按压情况。结果 与T₁时间点比较，对照组在T₂～T₄时间点MAP、HR水平显著升高，T₂～T₃时间点SpO₂水平下降，同组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与对照组同期比较，治疗组MAP在T₃～T₄、HR在T₂～T₃均显著降低，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组同期比较，治疗组患者术后2、4、8 h VAS评分、Ramsay评分均显著降低，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组比较，治疗组术后发生恶心呕吐、躁动的例数显著降低，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组比较，治疗组首次按压镇痛泵时间明显增加，术后24 h内有效按压次数显著减少，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在缝皮前静注酒石酸布托啡诺注射液用于肾移植苏醒期有助于术后镇痛和镇静，降低苏醒期恶心、呕吐的发生率，可安全应用于肾移植患者的麻醉。

Objective To investigate the effect of Butorphanol Tartrate Injection on recovery period of general anesthesia in renal transplantation patients. Methods Patients (60 cases) undergoing allogeneic kidney transplantation in Tianjin First Center Hospital from May 2017 to December 2017 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 30 cases. Patients in two groups were received general anesthesia induction and maintenance in the same way. Patients in the treatment group were iv administered with Butorphanol Tartrate Injection 0.02 mg/kg before suture, while patients in the control group were received the same volume of saline. The mean MAP, HR, and SpO₂ were observed and recorded at the time of 5 minutes before extubation (T1), extubation (T2), 5 min after extubation (T3), and 10 min after extubation (T4). And the VAS scores and Ramsay scores were recorded at 2, 4, 8, and 12 h after extubation. Postoperative adverse reactions and pressing of analgesic pump were observed. Results Compared with T₁ time point, the levels of MAP and HR in the control group were significantly increased at T₂-T₄ time point, and SpO2 were decreased at T₂-T₃ time point, and there were differences in the same group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group in the same period, MAP at T₃-T₄ and HR at T₂-T₃ time point in the treatment group were significantly decreased, and there were differences between two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group in the same period, VAS scores and Ramsay scores at 2, 4, and 8 h after surgery in the treatment group were significantly decreased, there were differences between two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the numbers of nausea, vomiting, and restlessness in the treatment group were significantly decreased, and there were differences between two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the time of first pressing analgesic pump was significantly increased, but the number of effective pressing was significantly reduced within 24 h after operation in the treatment group, and there were differences between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intravenous injection of Butorphanol Tartrate Injection before suture is helpful for postoperative analgesia and sedation after kidney transplantation, reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting, can be safely used in anesthesia of renal transplantation patients.

天津市自然科学基金资助项目（17JCYBJC28000）；天津市卫生行业重点攻关项目（13KG105，16KG101）