目的 调查六安市人民医院特殊诊疗操作中抗菌药物的预防性应用情况，为临床合理使用提供参考。方法 收集六安市人民医院2017年1月—2018年3月进行特殊诊疗操作的患者病历，对其抗菌药物的预防性使用情况进行统计、分析和评价。结果 纳入调查的1 792份病历中，72份存在预防性使用抗菌药物，使用率为4.02%；血管（含冠状动脉）造影术、成形术、支架植入术均未预防用抗菌药物，不推荐预防性使用抗菌药物的下腔静脉滤器植入术、肿瘤的物理消融术（含射频、微波和冷冻等）和血管栓塞术预防用抗菌药物比例分别为42.86%、15.38%、6.00%；72例预防性使用抗菌药物病例中，不合理率达69.44%，其主要存在无适应症用药、药物品种选择不当及用药疗程偏长等问题。结论 六安市人民医院特殊诊疗操作中预防性使用抗菌药物存在不合理现象，医院需要加强特殊诊疗操作中的抗菌药物临床应用管理。

Objective To investigate prophylactic use of antibiotics during special operations for diagnosis and treatment, and promote the rational use of drugs. Methods The patients of Lu'an People's Hospital who underwent the operation of special diagnosis and treatment from January 2017 to March 2018 were collected, and the use of antibiotics was counted, analyzed, and evaluated. Results In the 1 792 medical records, 72 cases of patients were treated with antibacterials with the use rate of 4.02%. And the prophylactic application of antibiotics was not used in blood vessels (including coronary artery) angiography, angioplasty, and stent implantation. The ratios of inferior vena cava filter implantation, tumor physical ablation (including rf, microwave, and freezing, etc.), and vascular embolization prophylaxis which were not recommended use antimicrobial agents, occupied 42.86%, 15.38%, and 6.00%, respectively. In the 72 cases of patients prophylactic using of antimicrobial agents, the unreasonable rate was 69.44%. And the main problems included non-indicative use of drugs, improper selection of drug types, and long treatment duration. Conclusion There are unreasonable drug use phenomena in the special operations for diagnosis and treatment in Lu'an People's Hospital. The management of prophylactic use of antibiotics should be strengthened in hospitals.