目的 探讨柴黄颗粒联合利巴韦林气雾剂治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法 选取2016年10月-2017年6月于上海儿童医学中心进行治疗的急性上呼吸道感染患儿140作为研究对象，采用双色球法将患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组各70例。对照组吸入利巴韦林气雾剂，2~3揿/次，首次使用1 h内喷4次，以后每隔1 h喷1次，2 d以后4次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服柴黄颗粒，年龄<3岁：1袋/次，3~5岁：1.5 g/次；年龄>6岁，2袋/次，3次/d。两组患儿均持续治疗10 d。观察两组的临床疗效，比较两组的临床体征消失时间和住院时间、血清T淋巴细胞、血清免疫球蛋白。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.4%、92.9%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，治疗组发热消失、咳嗽消失、咳痰消失、肺部啰音消失、呼吸困难消失和住院时间均明显短于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺水平均显著下降，同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗组CD3⁺、CD4⁺水平明显低于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清IgA、IgM、IgG水平显著升高，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗组免疫球蛋白水平明显高于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 柴黄颗粒联合利巴韦林气雾剂治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染具有较好的临床疗效，能改善临床症状，提高机体免疫功能，安全性较好，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Chaihuang Granules combined with Ribavirin Aerosol in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection in children. Methods Children (140 cases) with acute upper respiratory tract infection in Shanghai Children's Medical Center from October 2016 to June 2017 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 70 cases. Patients in the control group were inhalation administered with Ribavirin Aerosol, 2-3 press/time, 4 times within 1 h for the starting dosage, then once every 1 h, after 2 d, 4 times daily. Patients in the treatment group were po administered with Chaihuang Granules on the basis of the control group, age < 3 years:1 bag/time, 3-5 years old:1.5 bags/time, age > 6 years:2 bags/time, three times daily. Patients in two groups were treated for 10 d. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated, and disappearance times of clinical signs, time of hospitalization, serum T lymphocytes, serum immunological indexes in two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 81.4% and 92.9%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, fever disappeared time, cough disappeared time, expectoration disappeared time, lung rales disappeared time, dyspnea disappeared time, and time of hospitalization in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the levels of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG in two groups were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the serum immunological indexes in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Chaihuang Granules combined with Ribavirin Aerosol has clinical curative effect in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection in children, can improve clinical symptoms and immune function, with good safety, which has a certain clinical application value.