乙型肝炎病毒引起的慢性乙型肝炎是全球性公共卫生问题。目前慢性乙型肝炎的一线抗病毒药物主要包括核苷（酸）类似物和聚乙二醇干扰素α。聚乙二醇干扰素α作为免疫调节剂可实现临床治愈，可通过调节天然免疫细胞、适应性免疫细胞、细胞因子和趋化因子多机制、多靶点调控慢性乙型肝炎患者免疫应答效应。总结了聚乙二醇干扰素α调控慢性乙型肝炎免疫细胞的研究进展，有助于通过外周血或肝组织免疫应答评价优化治疗策略。

Chronic hepatitis B caused by hepatitis B virus is a global public health issue. At present, the first-line antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis B mainly include nucleosides or nucleotide analogues and pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFN-α). Peg-IFN-α, as an immunomodulatory agent, can achieve clinical cure. Peg-IFN-α can regulate the immune response of chronic hepatitis B patients through multiple mechanisms and targets, including regulating natural immune cells, adaptive immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines. This article summarizes the research progress on regulation of immune cells in chronic hepatitis B by Peg-IFN-α, which is helpful for optimizing treatment strategies through peripheral blood or liver tissue immune response evaluation.

R975

国家自然科学基金资助项目(81701550); 无锡市卫健委中青年拔尖人才资助计划(BJ2023092); 无锡市“太湖人才计划”顶尖医学专家团队项目