骨质疏松症是一种以骨量减少、骨微结构破坏和骨强度下降为特征的代谢性骨病，其发病机制与骨免疫微环境紊乱密切相关。近年来，骨免疫微环境的稳态失衡被证实是导致骨质疏松症发生、发展的关键环节。中药黄酮类、皂苷类、生物碱类活性成分可通过靶向骨免疫微环境中的免疫细胞、细胞因子和相关信号通路调节破骨细胞与成骨细胞功能平衡，发挥抗骨质疏松症作用。总结了中药活性成分调控骨免疫微环境治疗骨质疏松症的研究进展，以期为骨质疏松症的中药治疗研究提供新思路。

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass, destruction of bone microstructure, and decreased bone strength. Its pathogenesis is closely related to the disorder of bone immune microenvironment. In recent years, the homeostasis imbalance of bone immune microenvironment has been proved to be the key link leading to the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. The active components of traditional Chinese medicine, such as flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, can modulate the functional balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts by targeting immune cells, cytokines, and related signaling pathways in the bone immune microenvironment, thereby exerting anti-osteoporosis effects. This article summarizes the research progress on the regulation of the bone immune microenvironment by active components of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of osteoporosis, aiming to provide new insights for the study of traditional Chinese medicine in osteoporosis therapy.

R285.5

云南省科技人才与平台计划（院士专家工作站）（202305AF150151）；云南省社科联-云南中医药大学联合专项（LHZX202423）