目的 分析癌因性疲乏患者临床特征与独立影响因素，构建临床预测模型，并观察消岩颗粒对不同癌种癌因性疲乏患者的干预效果。方法 回顾性收集2020年1月—2023年12月就诊于天津中医药大学第一附属医院肿瘤科、血液科的1 641例恶性肿瘤患者临床资料，最终纳入符合标准的1 263例癌因性疲乏患者，系统收集基本信息及临床检验指标，采用SPSS 21.0与Rstudio（2024.04.1）软件进行单因素、二元Logistic回归分析，构建列线图预测模型；同时纳入432例联合消岩颗粒治疗的癌因性疲乏患者，对比治疗前后不同癌种Piper疲乏量表评分，以评价疗效。结果 癌因性疲乏患者以老年、女性为主，原发病灶以生殖系统、呼吸系统居多；二元Logistic回归结果显示，女性、既往吸烟史、原发病灶为血液系统是其独立相关危险因素（P＜0.05），有配偶、高KPS评分、规律锻炼、联合消岩颗粒、CD3⁺、B细胞计数高表达为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）；基于上述因素构建的列线图可有效预测癌因性疲乏发生风险；消岩颗粒治疗7天后，各癌种癌因性疲乏患者Piper评分均显著降低（P＜0.05），对白血病患者改善效果最优（P＜0.05）。结论 明确了癌因性疲乏的临床特征与关键影响因素，构建的预测模型可为临床风险筛查提供循证医学依据；消岩颗粒可有效改善癌因性疲乏症状，尤其对血液系统肿瘤患者优势显著，值得临床推广。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and independent influencing factors for patients with cancer-related fatigue, establish clinical prediction model, and observe the intervention effect of Xiaoyan Granules on cancer-related fatigue patients with different types of cancer. Methods Retrospectively collected clinical data of 1 641 patients with malignant tumors treated in the Department of Oncology and Hematology, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from January 2020 to December 2023. Finally, 1 263 cancer-related fatigue patients meeting the eligibility criteria were enrolled. Baseline information and clinical laboratory indicators were systematically collected. Univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were performed by SPSS 21.0 and Rstudio (2024.04.1) to construct nomogram prediction model. Meanwhile, 432 cancer-related fatigue patients treated with Xiaoyan Granules in combination were included, and the Piper Fatigue Scale scores before and after treatment and different kinds of cancer types were compared to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Results Cancer-related fatigue patients were predominantly elderly and female, with primary lesions mostly located in the reproductive system and respiratory system. Binary Logistic regression showed that female gender, history of smoking, and hematological primary tumors were independent risk factors (P < 0.05), whereas having a spouse, high Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, regular physical exercise, combined use of Xiaoyan Granules, and high expression of CD3⁺ and B-cell counts were independent protective factors (P < 0.05). The nomogram constructed based on the above factors could effectively predict the risk of cancer-related fatigue. After 7 days of Xiaoyan Granules treatment, Piper scores were significantly decreased for cancer-related fatigue patients with all types of cancer (P < 0.05), with the most prominent improvement observed in leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion The study identifies the clinical characteristics and key influencing factors of cancer-related fatigue, and prediction model can provide evidence-based medical evidence for clinical risk screening. Xiaoyan Granules can effectively alleviate cancer-related fatigue symptoms, especially in patients with hematological malignancies, and worthy of clinical promotion.

R979.1

河北省中医药管理局科研计划项目（T2026091）；天津中医药大学第一附属医院专病队列建设项目（ZBDL-2025014）；南京审计大学长三角社会救助援助公共服务平台公共卫生协同创新研究课题（2025D004）；北京微爱公益基金会仁心医术科研课题研究项目（RXYS2025-0200630118）