急性肾损伤是危重症的常见并发症，可能导致慢性肾病或终末期肾病。急性肾损伤的发生具有多因素性，涵盖了炎症反应、氧化应激、细胞代谢、细胞周期调控、酶联受体、受体相互作用蛋白激酶1、内质网应激、表观修饰、细胞凋亡、细胞焦亡等相关细胞信号通路和靶点。以急性肾损伤发生、发展相关的细胞信号通路分类，总结了急性肾损伤治疗相关靶点蛋白及其相关小分子药物的研究进展，以期为急性肾损伤的有效治疗提供新的视角和策略。

Acute kidney injury is a common complication of critical illness and may lead to chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. The occurrence of acute kidney injury is multifactorial. These factors include inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cellular metabolism, cell cycle regulation, enzyme-linked receptors, receptor interacting protein kinase 1, endoplasmic reticulum stress, epigenetic modifications, cell apoptosis, cell pyroptosis, and other related cellular signaling pathways and targets. This article classifies the cellular signaling pathways associated with the occurrence and progression of acute kidney injury, summarizes research progress in target proteins for acute kidney injury treatment and their related small-molecule drugs, aiming to provide new perspectives and strategies for the effective treatment of acute kidney injury.

R965;R983

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目资助（2021-I2M-1-042）；天津市自然科学基金项目资助（22JCQNJC00690）