目的 研究紫贝止咳颗粒联合氨溴特罗治疗儿童急性支气管炎的临床效果。方法 选取2023年3月—2025年2月临泉县人民医院（北京大学第一医院临泉医院）收治的急性支气管炎患儿114例，采用信封法随机将这些患儿分为对照组和治疗组，每组各57例。对照组患儿口服氨溴特罗口服溶液，1岁患儿5.0 mL/次，2～3岁患儿7.5 mL/次，4～5岁患儿10.0 mL/次，6～11岁患儿15.0 mL/次，2次/d。治疗组患儿在对照组基础上饭后口服紫贝止咳颗粒，1～3岁患儿2.5 g/次，4～6岁患儿3.3 g/次，7～11岁患儿5 g/次，3次/d。两组患儿连续给药1周。观察两组患儿临床疗效，比较治疗前后两组患儿临床症状改善时间，血常规指标白细胞计数（WBC）、中性粒细胞比例（NE）和淋巴细胞比例（LY）水平及血清炎症因子白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、IL-8、C反应蛋白（CRP）和降钙素原（PCT）水平。结果 治疗后，治疗组的总有效率达到了96.49%，明显高于对照组的82.46%（P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组患儿的发热、咳嗽、咳痰和肺部湿啰音消失时间均明显短于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿WBC与NE水平显著低于治疗前，而LY水平则明显高于治疗前（P＜0.05）。同时，治疗组的血常规指标改善情况显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组儿童血清IL-2、IL-8、CRP和PCT水平皆显著低于治疗前水平（P＜0.05），且治疗组血清炎症因子水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 紫贝止咳颗粒与氨溴特罗口服溶液联合应用，在治疗儿童急性支气管炎方面，其临床效果已获证实，疗效显著，能够改善临床症状和血常规指标，抑制炎症反应，不良反应少。

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Zibei Zhike Granules combined with ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride in treatment of acute bronchitis in children. Methods Children (114 cases) with acute bronchitis in Linquan County People’s Hospital (Peking University First Hospital Linquan Hospital) from March 2023 to February 2025 were randomly divided into control and treatment group, and each group had 57 cases. Children in the control group were po administered with Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Clenbuterol Hydrochloride Oral Solution, 5 mL/time for 1 year old children, 7.5 mL/time for 2 — 3 years old children, 10 mL/time for 4 — 5 years old children, 15 mL/time for 6 — 11 years old children, twice daily. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Zibei Zhike Granules after meals on the basis of the control group, 2.5 g/time for 1 — 3 years old children, 3.3 g/time for 4 — 6 years old children, 5 g/time for 7 — 11 years old children, three times daily. Children in two groups were treated for 1 week. After treatment, the clinical evaluations were evaluated, and the clinical symptom relief time, and the improvement time of clinical symptoms, blood routine indicators WBC, NE and LY levels of, the serum inflammatory factors IL-2, IL-8, CRP and PCT levels in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the total clinical effective rate in the treatment group reached 96.49%, which was significantly higher than 82.46% in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, disappearance time of fever, cough, expectoration and pulmonary moist rales in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group. (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of WBC and NE in two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, while the levels of LY were significantly higher than before treatment (P < 0.05). At the same time, the improvement of blood routine indicators in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, serum IL-2, IL-8, CRP and PCT levels in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and serum inflammatory factor levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The combination of Zibei Zhike Granules and Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Clenbuterol Hydrochloride Oral Solution has a definite clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute bronchitis in children, which can improve clinical symptoms and blood routine indicators, inhibit inflammatory reactions, and have fewer adverse reactions.

R985

安徽省临床医学研究转化专项项目（202204295107020010）