目的 探讨小儿咳喘灵口服液联合克拉霉素治疗婴幼儿肺炎支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法 纳入2023年4月—2024年10月北京市通州区妇幼保健院收治的126例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的病例资料进行回顾性分析。按治疗方法不同分为对照组（61例）和治疗组（65例）。对照组患儿口服克拉霉素干混悬剂，6个月≤年龄＜1岁患儿5 mg/kg，1岁≤年龄＜3岁患儿7.5 mg/kg，2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服小儿咳喘灵口服液，6个月≤年龄＜2岁患儿5 mL/次，2岁≤年龄＜3岁患儿7.5 mL/次，3次/d。两组患儿疗程7 d。观察两组患儿临床疗效，比较治疗前后两组患儿主要症状、体征消失时间，核酸转阴时间和肺炎胸片吸收评价量表（PCRAES）评分，及系统免疫炎症指数（SⅡ）、单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值（MLR）、呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）和血清C反应蛋白（CRP）水平。结果 治疗后，治疗组总有效率为96.92%，明显高于对照组的85.25%（P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组主要症状、体征消失时间和核酸转阴时间明显早于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患者PCRAES评分比治疗前均显著减少（P＜0.05），且治疗组比对照组降低更明显（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组炎症指标SⅡ、MLR、FeNO和血清CRP水平比治疗前显著下降（P＜0.05），且治疗组比对照组降低更显著（P＜0.05）。结论 采用小儿咳喘灵口服液与克拉霉素联合治疗婴幼儿肺炎支原体肺炎，安全性较好，能进一步增强治疗效果，促进病原清除及气道炎症、肺部炎症和机体过度炎症反应遏制，使症状加速好转。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Xiaoer Kechuanling Oral Liquid combined with clarithromycin in treatment of infantile mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods The clinical data of children (126 cases) with infantile mycoplasma pneumonia in Tongzhou District Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing from April 2023 to October 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into control (61 cases) and treatment (65 cases) group based on different treatments. Children in the control group were po administered with Clarithromycin for Suspension, 5 mg/kg for 6 moths — 1 year old children, 7.5 mg/kg for 1 — 3 years old children, twice daily. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Xiaoer Kechuanling Oral Liquid on the basis of the control group, 5 mL/time for 6 moths — 2 years old children, 7.5 mL/time for 2 — 3 years old children, three times daily. Children in two groups were treated for 7 d. After treatment, the clinical evaluations were evaluated, and the disappearance time of main symptoms/signs, nucleic acid turning negative time, PCRAES score, and the levels of SⅡ, MLR, FeNO and serum CRP in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group was 96.92%, which was significantly higher than 85.25% in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the disappearance time of main symptoms, signs and nucleic acid negative conversion time in the treatment group were significantly earlier than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, PCRAES scores in two groups were significantly reduced compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the decrease in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the inflammatory indicators SⅡ, MLR, FeNO and serum CRP levels in two groups were significantly decreased compared with before treatment (P < 0.05), and the decrease in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Infantile mycoplasma pneumonia treated with Xiaoer Kechuanling Oral Liquid combined with clarithromycin is safe, which can further enhance the therapeutic effect, promote pathogen clearance, curb airway inflammation, lung inflammation and excessive inflammatory reaction, and accelerate the improvement of symptoms.

R985

北京市通州区科技计划项目（KJ2022CX051）