阿尔茨海默病是一种以进行性认知功能减退和记忆障碍为主要临床特征的神经退行性疾病，病理机制复杂，亟需探索新的治疗策略和干预靶点。淫羊藿苷可通过抑制β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）的生成和沉积，抑制Tau蛋白过度磷酸化，减轻神经组织炎性损伤，减轻神经组织氧化损伤，抑制神经细胞凋亡，抑制神经元衰老，减轻胰岛素抵抗，改善脑部能量代谢，调控肠道菌群–代谢–脑轴，增强神经突触可塑性，保护胆碱能神经元，保护血脑屏障功能发挥抗阿尔茨海默病作用。总结了淫羊藿苷治疗阿尔茨海默病的药理作用研究进展，为淫羊藿苷的临床应用提供参考。

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized primarily by progressive cognitive impairment and memory impairment, with complex pathological mechanisms that urgently require exploration of novel therapeutic strategies and intervention targets. Icariin exerts anti-Alzheimer’s effects by inhibiting the production and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ), suppressing the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, alleviating inflammatory damage in neural tissues, mitigating oxidative damage in neural tissues, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, delaying neuronal aging, reducing insulin resistance, improving cerebral energy metabolism, regulating the gut microbiota - metabolism - brain axis, enhancing synaptic plasticity, protecting cholinergic neurons, and maintaining blood-brain barrier function. This review summarizes the pharmacological research progress on icariin in treating Alzheimer’s disease, providing a reference for its clinical application.

R285.5;R971

国家资助博士后研究人员计划（GZC20240164）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2024M750266）；山东省自然科学基金资助项目（ZR2023QH019）