目的 借助网络药理学和分子对接技术，系统探究人参治疗焦虑的潜在作用机制及靶点。方法 通过ETCM、TCMSP等数据库筛选人参活性成分及靶点。在GeneCards、DrugBank等数据库中筛选焦虑靶点并与人参靶点交集分析，确定共同靶点。利用Cytoscape 3.10.0构建“药物–成分–靶点–疾病”网络，通过拓扑学分析筛选核心成分。借助STRING数据库构建蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络，筛选核心靶点。利用Metascape进行京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析及基因本体（GO）富集分析。采用Autodock Vina软件对核心活性成分与核心靶点蛋白进行分子对接验证，计算结合能并进行可视化分析。结果 共筛选出人参中的21种有效成分，预测出118个活性成分作用靶点。与焦虑相关的3 427个靶点比对后，获得76个共同靶点。构建的“药物–成分–靶点–疾病”网络包含153个节点和336条边，筛选出花生四烯酸酯、二蒽胺、人参皂苷Rh₄等5种核心成分。PPI网络分析得到3个核心靶点[蛋白激酶B1（Akt1）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、Jun原癌基因（JUN）]。GO富集分析涉及肌肉系统过程、神经递质受体活性等，KEGG富集分析显示神经活性配体信号、钙信号通路等关键通路。分子对接实验表明，人参皂苷Rh₄与Akt1结合能最低，结合稳定。结论 人参可能通过人参皂苷Rh₄等核心成分靶向Akt1等核心靶点，多通路、多靶点协同发挥抗焦虑作用。

Objective To systematically explore the potential mechanism and targets of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in treating anxiety using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods Active components and targets of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma were screened from databases such as ETCM and TCMSP. Anxiety-related targets were screened from databases like GeneCards and DrugBank, and intersected with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma targets to identify common targets. A “drug-component-target-disease” network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.10.0, and core components were screened through topological analysis. PPI network was constructed using the STRING database to identify core targets. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape. Molecular docking was conducted using Autodock Vina software to verify the binding energy and visualize the interaction between core active components and core target proteins. Results A total of 21 active components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma were screened out, with 118 predicted targets for these components. After comparison with 3 427 anxiety-related targets, 76 common targets were obtained. The “drug-component-target-disease” network consisted of 153 nodes and 336 edges, and five core components, including arachidonyl ethanolamide, dianthrone, and ginsenoside Rh₄, were identified. PPI network analysis yielded three core targets: Akt1, TNF, and JUN. GO enrichment analysis involved muscle system processes and neurotransmitter receptor activity, while KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted key pathways such as neuroactive ligand signaling and calcium signaling pathways. Molecular docking experiments showed that ginsenoside Rh₄ had the lowest binding energy with Akt1, indicating a stable binding. Conclusion Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma may exert its anti-anxiety effects through core components like ginsenoside Rh₄ targeting core targets such as Akt1, via the synergistic action of multiple pathways and targets.

R285;R286.1

黑龙江省自然科学基金项目（PL2024H220）