目的 观察小儿紫贝宣肺糖浆联合阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片治疗儿童急性支气管炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2025年3月—2026年2月唐山市妇幼保健院诊治的108例急性支气管炎患儿，依据用药方案差异分为对照组和治疗组，每组各54例。对照组患儿给予阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片，3岁≤年龄≤7岁，每12小时1片，2次/d；7岁＜年龄≤12岁，每12小时1.5片，2次/d。治疗组患儿在对照组的基础上给予小儿紫贝宣肺糖浆，3岁，7 mL/次，3次/d；3岁＜年龄≤7岁，10 mL/次，3次/d；7岁＜年龄≤12岁，15 mL/次，3次/d。两组用药7 d。观察两组临床疗效，比较两组中医症状积分、儿童生存质量普适性核心量表（Peds QL）评分、加拿大急性呼吸道疾病与流感量表（CARIFS）评分、血清半胱氨酰白三烯（CysLTs）、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）、血清基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、降钙素原（PCT）水平。结果 治疗后，治疗组总有效率（96.30%）显著高于对照组（83.33%，P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿发热积分、咳嗽积分、气促积分、咳痰积分均显著降低（P＜0.05）；治疗后，与对照组对比，治疗组发热积分、咳嗽积分、气促积分、咳痰积分均更低（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿的CARIFS评分降低，PedsQL评分升高（P＜0.05）；治疗后，与对照组对比，治疗组的CARIFS评分降低，且治疗组PedsQL评分升高（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组血清CysLTs、sICAM-1、MMP-9、PCT水平均较同组治疗前显著下降（P＜0.05）；治疗后，与对照组对比，治疗组CysLTs、sICAM-1、MMP-9、PCT水平均降低（P＜0.05）。结论 小儿紫贝宣肺糖浆联合阿莫西林克拉维酸钾治疗儿童急性支气管炎展现出了明确的临床优势，不仅显著提升了临床总有效率，加速了咳嗽、咳痰等核心症状的缓解，还可降低血清炎症指标。

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Xiaoer Zibeixuanfei Syrup combined with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium Tablets in treatment of acute bronchitis in children. Methods A retrospective selection was made of 108 children with acute bronchitis who were treated at Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March 2025 to February 2026. They were divided into control group and treatment group based on differences in medication regimens, with 54 cases in each group. The control group of children were given Amoxicillin Clavulanate Tablets, for children aged 3 years and above but less than 7 years old, 1 tablet was taken every 12 h, twice daily, for children aged over 7 years but less than 12 years old, 1.5 tablets were taken every 12 h, twice daily. The treatment group of children were given Xiaoer Zibeixuanfei Syrup in addition to control group, for children aged 3 years, 7 mL per time, 3 times daily, for children aged 4 years and above but less than 7 years old, 10 mL per time, 3 times daily, for children aged over 7 years but less than 12 years old, 15 mL per time, 3 times daily. Both groups took the medication for 7 d. The clinical efficacy of two groups was observed, and the scores of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms, the scores of the Pediatric Quality of Life Universal Core Scale (Peds QL), the Canadian Acute Respiratory Disease and Influenza Scale (CARIFS), the serum cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), the serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and the procalcitonin (PCT) levels of two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group (96.30%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (83.33%, P < 0.05). After treatment, the fever score, cough score, shortness of breath score, and sputum score of children in both groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). After treatment, compared with control group, the fever score, cough score, shortness of breath score, and sputum score of treatment group were all lower (P < 0.05). After treatment, the CARIFS score of children in both groups decreased, and the PedsQL score increased (P < 0.05). After treatment, compared with control group, the CARIFS score of treatment group decreased, and the PedsQL score of treatment group increased (P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of CysLTs, sICAM-1, MMP-9, and PCT in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment in the same group (P< 0.05). After treatment, compared with control group, the levels of CysLTs, sICAM-1, MMP-9, and PCT in treatment group were all lower (P < 0.05).Conclusion Xiaoer Zibeixuanfei Syrup combined with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium in children has demonstrated clear clinical advantages in treatment of acute bronchitis, not only significantly increased the overall clinical effectiveness rate, accelerated the relief of core symptoms such as cough and expectoration, but also reduced serum inflammatory indicators.

R974

河北省医学科学研究重点课题项目（20231753）