脑缺血再灌注损伤可引起氧化应激，继而导致内皮损伤、炎症反应、血脑屏障破坏。用于治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的药物可能引起胃肠道反应、脑出血等不良反应。丹参中主要包含两大类活性成分：脂溶性二萜类丹参酮类（如丹参酮II_A、隐丹参酮）和水溶性酚酸类（如丹酚酸A、B）。丹参中多种活性成分可通过减轻氧化应激损伤、抑制神经炎症、抑制细胞程序性死亡、保护血脑屏障等多重机制在防治脑缺血再灌注损伤中发挥作用。阐述丹参中丹参酮类、丹酚酸类成分防治脑缺血再灌注损伤的药理作用研究进展，以期为丹参防治脑缺血再灌注损伤提供理论依据。

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can induce oxidative stress, which subsequently leads to endothelial damage, inflammatory responses, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Drugs used to treat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury may cause adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reactions and cerebral hemorrhage. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma primarily contains two major types of active compounds: lipophilic diterpenoids (such as tanshinone II_A and cryptotanshinone) and hydrophilic phenolic acids (such as salvianolic acid A and B). The active components in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma contribute to the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms, including alleviating oxidative stress damage, inhibiting neuroinflammation, suppressing programmed cell death, and protecting the blood-brain barrier. This article reviews the pharmacological research progress on the effects of tanshinones and salvianolic acids in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in preventing and treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the therapeutic application of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.

国家中医药管理局中医药传承与创新“百千万”人才工程-岐黄工程首席科学家支持项目（国中医药人教函[2021]7号）；全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目（国中医药人教函[2022]75号）；全国老药工传承工作室建设项目（国中医药人教函[2024]255号）；广东省科技厅粤澳科技创新联合资助项目（2024A0505090022，0004/2024/AGJ）