目的 探讨胆木浸膏糖浆联合奥司他韦治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染的临床效果。方法 随机将2022年2月—2024年8月在海口市第三人民医院就诊的110例风热型急性上呼吸道感染患儿，按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组，每组各55例。对照组口服磷酸奥司他韦颗粒，体质量＜15 kg者30 mg/次，15 kg≤体质量＜23 kg者45 mg/次，23≤体质量＜40 kg者60 mg/次，＞40 kg者75 mg/次，2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服胆木浸膏糖浆，3～5岁者5 mL/次，6～14岁者10 mL/次，3次/d。两组患儿均治疗5 d。观察两组患儿临床疗效，比较治疗前后两组患儿症状缓解时间，中医证候积分，炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、核因子-κB（NF-κB）和Toll样受体4（TLR4）。结果 治疗后，治疗组患儿总有效率显著高于对照组总有效率（98.18% vs 81.82%，P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组患儿咳嗽、发热及咽痛消退时间较对照组缩短更显著（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿中医证候积分比治疗前明显下降（P＜0.05），且治疗组患儿积分较对照组降低程度更显著（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿IL-1β、TNF-α、NF-κB和TLR4水平较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.05），且治疗组患儿IL-1β、TNF-α、NF-κB和TLR4水平较对照组降低程度更显著（P＜0.05）。结论 在儿童急性上呼吸道感染治疗方面，胆木浸膏糖浆联合奥司他韦具有更高的有效性和安全性，能有效缩短症状时间，减轻中医症状，抑制炎性反应。

Objective To explore the clinical effect of Danmu Extract Syrup combined with oseltamivir in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection in children.Methods Children (110 cases) with acute upper respiratory tract infection in the Third People’s Hospital of Haikou from February 2022 to August 2024 were divided into control and treatment group according to random number table method, and each group had 55 cases. Children in the control group were po administered with Oseltamivir Phosphate Granules, 30 mg/time for those weighing less than 15 kg, 45 mg/time for those weighing 15 — 23 kg, 60 mg/time for those weighing 23 — 40 kg, and 75 mg/time for those weighing more than 40 kg, twice daily. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Danmu Extract Syrup on the basis of the control group, 5 mL/time for those age 3 — 5 years, 10 mL/time for those age 6 — 14 years, three times daily. Children in two groups were treated for 5 d. After treatment, the clinical evaluations were evaluated, and the symptom relief time, TCM syndrome points, and the inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB and TLR4 levels in two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results After treatment, the clinical effective rate of children in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (98.18% vs 81.82%, P < 0.05). After treatment, the fading time of cough, fever and sore throat in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of children in two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the scores of children in the treatment group were decreased more significantly than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB and TLR4 in two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB and TLR4 in the treatment group were decreased more significantly than those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Danmu Extract Syrup combined with oseltamivir in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections in children has higher effectiveness and safety, which can effectively shorten the symptom time, reduce traditional Chinese medicine symptoms, and inhibit inflammatory reactions.

R985