糖尿病视网膜病变是一种常见的糖尿病微血管病变和神经退行性病变，可造成视网膜细胞不可逆损伤，造成患者视力下降。目前临床治疗糖尿病视网膜病尚缺乏根治的治疗手段，且常规治疗药物也较缺乏。人参皂苷Rg₁为人参中重要活性成分，具有多种活性，可通过减轻炎症反应，减轻氧化应激反应，抑制视网膜细胞凋亡，抑制血管形成，延缓视网膜纤维化，预防突触神经变性以改善糖尿病视网膜病变。总结了人参皂苷Rg₁改善糖尿病视网膜病变的药理作用研究进展，为人参皂苷Rg₁的临床使用提供参考。

Diabetes retinopathy is a common microvascular disease and neurodegenerative disease in diabetes, which can cause irreversible damage to retinal cells and cause visual impairment in patients. At present, the clinical treatment of diabetes retinopathy is still lack of a radical cure method, and lack of conventional treatment drugs. Ginsenoside Rg₁ is an important active ingredient in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, with various activities. Ginsenoside Rg₁ can improve diabetic retinopathy by reducing inflammation, alleviating oxidative stress, inhibiting retinal cell apoptosis, suppressing angiogenesis, delaying retinal fibrosis, and preventing synaptic degeneration. This article summarized the research progress of pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rg₁ on diabetes retinopathy, providing reference for clinical use of ginsenoside Rg₁.

R977