目的 探讨五子衍宗丸对少弱精子症小鼠生精功能、六磷酸肌醇激酶1（IP6K1）表达及线粒体DNA（mtDNA）甲基化的影响。方法 将雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及五子衍宗丸（1、2、4 g/kg）组，每组10只。除对照组外，其他各组单次ip 40 mg/kg白消安。从造模第2天开始，各组按剂量ig给药，给药4周后计算睾丸和附睾脏器系数，检测精子数量和活力，苏木精–伊红（HE）染色观察小鼠睾丸病理组织学改变，TUNEL染色观察睾丸细胞凋亡情况，RT-qPCR、Western blotting和免疫组化（IHC）染色检测IP6K1表达，Western blotting检测DNA甲基转移酶1（DNMT1）表达，焦磷酸测序检测mtDNA D-loop甲基化，RT-qPCR检测线粒体基因表达。结果 五子衍宗丸可恢复少弱精子症小鼠的睾丸和附睾系数，显著提高精子数量和活力，明显改善睾丸组织病理学损伤和生精细胞的凋亡，显著促进IP6K1的表达，显著抑制DNMT1表达和线粒体D-loop甲基化水平，显著上调线粒体编码基因的表达（P＜0.5、0.1、0.001）。结论 五子衍宗丸可改善少弱精子症小鼠的生精功能，其机制可能与促进IP6K1表达，抑制DNMT1/mtDNA D-loop甲基化，进而促进线粒体编码基因的表达有关。

Objective To investigate the effects of Wuzi Yanzong Pills on spermatogenesis, expression of inositol hexaphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1) and methylation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in oligoasthenospermia mice. Methods Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, and Wuzi Yanzong Pills (1, 2, and 4 g/kg) group, with 10 mice in each group. Except the control group, the other groups were given 40 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection. Starting from the second day of model making, each group was given the drug by intragathy according to dose. After 4 weeks of administration, the coefficients of testis and epididymis organs were calculated, the sperm number and vitality were detected, the histopathological changes of testis were observed by HE staining, and the apoptosis of testicle cells was observed by TUNEL staining. The expression of IP6K1 was detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was detected by Western blot, the D-loop methylation of mtDNA was detected by pyrosequencing, and the mitochondrial gene expression was detected by RT-qPCR. Results Wuzi Yanzong Pills could partially restore the testicular and epididymal coefficients of oligoasthenospermia mice, significantly increase sperm count and motility, significantly improve testicular histopathological injury and spermatogenic cell apoptosis, and significantly promote the expression of IP6K1. DNMT1 expression and mitochondrial D-loop methylation levels were significantly inhibited, and the expression of mitochondrial coding genes was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.5, 0.1, 0.001). Conclusion Wuzi Yanzong Pills can improve the spermatogenic function of oligoasthenospermia mice, and its mechanism may be related to promoting the expression of IP6K1, inhibiting DNMT1/mtDNA D-loop methylation, and promoting the expression of mitochondrial coding genes.

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天津市卫健委、天津市中医药管理局中医中西医结合科研项目（2021071，2021072）