目的 观察小儿消积止咳口服液联合吸入用布地奈德混悬液治疗儿童肺炎支原体感染后慢性咳嗽的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年1月—2023年8月于黄山首康医院进行治疗的82例肺炎支原体感染后慢性咳嗽患儿，按随机数字表法将所有患儿分为对照组和治疗组，每组均分配41例。对照组雾化吸入吸入用布地奈德混悬液，2 mL/次，2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服小儿消积止咳口服液，年龄＜1岁5 mL/次，1岁≤年龄＜3岁10 mL/次，3岁≤年龄＜5岁15 mL/次，年龄＞5岁20 mL/次，3次/d。5 d为1个疗程，两组治疗3个疗程。比较两组治疗疗效、症状消失时间、炎症因子水平。结果 治疗后，对照组总有效率为75.61%，治疗组的总有效率为92.68%，组间比较差异显著（P＜0.05）。相比于对照组，治疗组咳嗽、肺部啰音消失时间更短（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组血清C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平均显著下降（P＜0.05），治疗组血清CRP、TNF-ɑ、IL-6水平较对照组更低（P＜0.05）。结论 小儿消积止咳口服液联合吸入用布地奈德混悬液治疗儿童肺炎支原体感染后慢性咳嗽疗效更佳，可快速缓解咳嗽症状，降低炎症因子水平。

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liquid combined with Budesonide Suspension for inhalation in treatment of chronic cough after infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children. Methods 82 Children with chronic cough after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection who were treated in Huangshan Shoukang Hospital from January 2019 to August 2023 were selected. All children were divided into control group (41 cases) and treatment group (41 cases) according to the random number table. Children in the control group were atomized with Budesonide Suspension for inhalation, 2 mL/time, twice daily. Children in the treatment group po administered with Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liquid on the basis of the control group, with a dosage of 5 mL/time under 1 year old, 10 mL/time for those aged 1—3 years old, and 15 mL/time for those aged 3—5 years old, 20 mL/time for those aged above 5 years old, three times daily. One course had 5 d, and all received 3 courses of treatment. Treatment efficacy, symptom disappearance times, and inflammatory cytokine levels between two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the control group was 75.61%, while that of the treatment group was 92.68%, with a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the disappearance times of cough and lung rales in the treatment group was shorter (P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in two groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the inflammatory cytokine levels in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liquid combined with Budesonide Suspension for inhalation has better effect on chronic cough after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children, can quickly relieve cough symptoms and reduce the level of inflammatory factors.

R985

安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目（2022e07020057）