目的 探究补脾消积口服液对脾虚食积型小鼠胃肠功能及肠道菌群结构的影响。方法 100只昆明小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、小儿健脾丸组(2.7 g/kg)及补脾消积口服液低、高(6、12 mL/kg)剂量组,除空白组外,其余小鼠通过冰水及甘油ig联合饮食失节方法造成脾虚食积模型,造模40 d后,给药组连续ig给药10 d,空白及模型组小鼠灌胃等体积生理盐水。给药结束后测定各组小鼠小肠推进率及胃内残留率;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测各组小鼠血清中胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)及血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察各组小鼠胃肠组织形态学;基于16S RNA高通量测序技术分析各组小鼠肠道菌群结构。结果 与空白组比较,模型组小鼠小肠推进率显著降低(P<0.05),胃内残留率显著升高(P<0.05),胃黏膜轻微充血,腺体排列紊乱,部分上皮细胞脱落破坏肠绒毛变短且不规则脱落较严重绒毛数量减少,血清中GAS及MTL水平显著降低(P<0.05),VIP水平显著升高(P<0.01),肠道菌群多样性降低;与模型组比较,补脾消积口服液低剂量组小鼠小肠推进率显著升高(P<0.01)、胃内残留率显著降低(P<0.05),胃肠黏膜较完整,腺体及肠绒毛排列整齐,层次清晰,血清中GAS及MTL水平显著升高(P<0.05、0.01),VIP水平显著降低(P<0.05),肠道菌群多样性提升,有益菌拟杆菌门丰度增加(P<0.05)、有害菌厚壁菌门丰度降低(P<0.05)。结论 补脾消积口服液可调节脾虚食积证小鼠的胃肠功能,其机制可能与改善胃肠组织形态、调节胃肠激素水平、恢复肠道菌群结构有关。

Objective To explore the effect of Bupi Xiaoji Oral Liquid on gastrointestinal function and intestinal flora structure in mice with spleen deficiency and food accumulation. Methods 100 mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Xiaoer Jianpi Pills group (2.7 g/kg), and Bupi Xiaoji Oral Liquid low and high dose (6 and 12 mL/kg) group. Except for the blank group, the other mice were induced by intragastric administration of ice water and glycerol combined with diet loss. After 40 days, the drug group was given intragastric administration for 10 days. The mice in the blank group and the model group were given the same volume of normal saline. The intestinal propulsion rate and gastric residual rate of each group of mice were measured after administration; the levels of serum gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the gastrointestinal histomorphology of each group was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining; the structure of intestinal flora was analyzed based on 16s RNA high-throughput sequencing technique. Results Compared with the blank group, the small intestinal propulsion rate in the model group was significantly lower (P < 0.05), the gastric residual rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05), the gastric mucosa was slightly congested, the glands were disordered, some epithelial cells exfoliated, the intestinal villi became shorter and irregularly exfoliated, the serum levels of GAS and MTL decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the level of VIP increased significantly (P < 0.01). Decreased diversity of intestinal flora. Compared with the model group, the small intestinal propulsion rate in the low dose oral liquid group increased significantly (P < 0.01), the gastric residual rate decreased significantly (P < 0.05), the gastrointestinal mucosa was more complete, the glands and intestinal villi arranged neatly and clearly, the levels of GAS and MTL in serum increased significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01), the level of VIP decreased significantly, and the diversity of intestinal flora increased. The abundance of Bacteroides increased (P < 0.05), while that of harmful bacteria decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Bupi Xiaoji Oral Liquid can regulate the gastrointestinal function of mice with spleen deficiency syndrome, and its mechanism may be related to improving the morphology of gastrointestinal tissue, regulating the level of gastrointestinal hormone and restoring the structure of intestinal flora.

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