马钱子为马钱科植物马钱的干燥成熟种子，毒性较大，致死量较低，治疗窗窄。马钱子具有靶器官毒性，包括中枢神经系统毒性、肝毒性、心脏毒性和肾毒性。马钱子的毒性反应主要与其含有的马钱子碱、士的宁等活性成分有关。配伍和炮制是马钱子常见的、重要的解毒措施。配伍可降低马钱子毒性成分的溶出、抑制毒性成分的吸收、影响相关代谢酶、降低氧化应激反应；炮制也可降低马钱子中毒性成分。对马钱子的各个器官毒性和减毒增效机制的研究进展进行综述，以期为马钱子的深入研究和临床安全用药提供参考。

Strychni Semen is the dry and mature seed of Strychnos nux-vomica L., which has high toxicity, low lethal dose, and narrow treatment window. Strychni Semen has target organ toxicity, including central nervous system toxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiac toxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The toxic reaction of Strychni Semen is mainly related to its active components, such as strychnine and strychnine. Compatibility and detoxification were common and important detoxification measures of Strychni Semen. Compatibility can reduce the dissolution of toxic components, inhibit the absorption of toxic components, affect related metabolic enzymes, and reduce oxidative stress reaction. Toxic components were decreased after processing. In this paper, research progress of target organ toxicity and attenuation and synergistic mechanism of Strychni Semen was reviewed, in order to provide a reference for the in-depth study and clinical safe use of Strychni Semen.

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国家自然科学基金项目（81873194，82004093）；国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者支持项目