微小RNA（microRNA，简写miRNA）是一类长度为16~22个核苷酸的非编码RNA分子。大量证据表明，miRNA通过影响其生物合成、辐射相关信号转导通路、DNA损伤反应等多个环节有效控制肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性，可用于改善癌症放疗效果，并作为辐射暴露的生物标记物。阐述miRNA的辐射敏感性和其生物标记方面的研究进展，为肿瘤治疗和辐射防护提供思路。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA molecules consisting of 16 to 22 nucleotides. A large amount of evidence shows miRNAs can effectively control the radiation sensitivity of tumor cells by affecting their biogenesis, radiation-related signal transduction pathways and DNA damage response. It can be used to improve the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy and as a biomarker for radiation exposure. This paper reviews the research progress on miRNA in radiation sensitivity and its biomarkers, in order to provide new ideas for tumor treatment and radiation protection.

R979.6

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81673106）