目的 分析利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反应的发生情况及临床特点，为合理用药提供参考。方法 检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、中国知网数据库、万方期刊论文数据库、维普期刊数据库，对2000年1月-2021年1月收载的利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反应报道文献进行分析。分别对患者性别、年龄、用药原因、用法用量、黑舌或黑毛舌发生时间、临床表现、处理措施、临床转归时间等方面进行分析。结果 检索到20篇共25例关于利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反应的文献报道，其中男性17例，女性8例；最小年龄5岁，最大年龄83岁，各年龄段均有黑舌或黑毛舌不良反应发生，以≤ 15岁和>50岁年龄段患者居多；19例（76%）患者在用药后1~2周出现黑舌或黑毛舌不良反应；在停用利奈唑胺并保持良好的口腔卫生习惯后，黑舌或黑毛舌不良反应症状好转或消失。结论 利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反应为罕见的良性自限性不良反应，发病机制尚不明确，临床医师和药师应加强利奈唑胺的用药监测并做好解释，以消除患者恐慌心理。

Objective To analyze the occurrence and clinical characteristics of black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reaction induced by linezolid, and provide a reference for rational drug use. Methods To analyze the case reports of black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions induced by linezolid were collected from Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Journal Article Database, VIP Journal Database from January 2011 to January 2021. And the patients' gender, age, reasons for medication, usage and dosage, occurrence time of black tongue or black hairy tongue, clinical manifestations, treatment measures, clinical outcome time and other aspects were respectively analyzed. Results A total of 20 articles and 25 case reports of black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions were identified. Among them, there were 17 males and 8 females, and the youngest was 5 years old and the oldest was 83 years old. Black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions occurred in all ages, the majority of patients were ≤ 15 years old and >50 years old. 19 cases (76%) had black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions about 1-2 weeks after medication. After withdrew the linezolid and kept good oral hygiene habits, the symptoms of the black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions improved or disappeared. Conclusion The linezolid induced black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reaction is a rare benign and self-limited adverse reaction, the exact pathogenesis is unclear. Clinicians and pharmacists should strengthen the monitoring of linezolid and do a good job of explanation,in order to eliminate the patients' panic psychology.

R978.1

中山市科技局项目（2019B1076）