炎症反应是机体常见的生理、病理活动，炎症小体在该反应中发挥重要调控作用。核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（NOD-like receptor protein 3，NLRP3）是炎症小体中关键的调控蛋白之一。研究发现激活NLRP3的刺激因子及其相关分子调控信号通路与多种疾病的发生、发展密切相关，并越来越受到广泛关注，是临床药物研究开发的前沿热点方向。总结NLRP3炎症小体的生物结构、调控功能、信号通路和作用机制等研究进展，并梳理与其相关靶点抑制剂的研究结果，对开展炎症相关疾病的新靶标药物发现及其临床应用研究具有重要的参考价值。

The inflammatory response is a common physiological and pathological process of the body, which is generally induced by the activation of various inflammatory factors. NLRP3 is a key regulatory protein. It has been found that there are a variety of stimulating factors and molecular regulatory signal pathways involved in NLRP3 activation closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases, and have attracted more and more attention. It is one of the frontier hot topics in clinical drug research and development. This paper summarizes the research progress in biological structure, regulatory pathway and inhibitors development of NLRP3 inflammasome, which is helpful for the target seeking and clinical drug development.

R962

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程资助项目（2016-I2M-3-022）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（3332018117）；天津市科技计划资助项目（18ZXXYSY00110）；天津市自然科学基金资助项目（18JCQNJC09500）