呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染是引发婴幼儿细支气管炎、肺炎的主要病因之一，会导致严重的呼吸系统疾病，会增加罹患哮喘的风险。帕利珠单抗和利巴韦林可用于预防和治疗RSV感染，两者均推荐用于RSV感染风险最高的患者，但其有益作用尚有争议。抗RSV药物的研究主要集中于不同的作用机制如抑制病毒融合、靶向非融合靶点和靶向病毒宿主的抑制剂。因此，预防或治疗呼吸道合胞病毒感染，深入研究抗病毒策略，指导候选药物筛选尤显突出，但是至今仍没有抗病毒药物或疫苗被批准用于RSV感染的治疗或预防。随着病毒学的深入研究，研究者将开发针对病毒靶点蛋白或宿主细胞因子的一系列的抗病毒药物，这些药物研发将为抗病毒提供新的途径。

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is one of the main causes of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. RSV causes severe respiratory diseases and increases the risk of asthma. Palizumab and ribavirin can be used to prevent and treat RSV infection, and both are recommended for patients with the highest risk of RSV infection, but their beneficial effects are controversial. Research on antiviral drugs has focused on different mechanisms of action, such as inhibiting viral fusion, targeting non-fused targets, and inhibitors targeting viral hosts. Therefore, prevention or treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection, in-depth study of antiviral strategies, and guidance of drug candidate screening are particularly prominent. Although researchers have made great efforts to prevent this virus, no antiviral drugs or vaccines have been approved for the treatment or prevention of RSV infection. With the in-depth study of virology, researchers will develop a series of antiviral drugs targeting viral target proteins or host cytokines. The development of these drugs will provide new ways for antivirus.

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