目的 研究盐酸氨溴索注射液联合枸橼酸咖啡因注射液治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效。方法 选取2017年3月-2019年3月延安大学附属医院收治的60例呼吸窘迫综合征患儿为研究对象，将所有患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组各30例。对照组患儿输液泵静脉注射枸橼酸咖啡因注射液，首剂量为20 mg/kg，缓慢静脉输注（30 min），24 h后给予维持量5 mg/kg，1次/d；治疗组患儿在对照组治疗的基础上注射器泵静脉注射盐酸氨溴索注射液，30 mg/（kg·d），注射时间至少5 min，4次/d。两组患儿持续治疗7 d。观察两组的临床疗效，比较两组的临床症状改善情况、血气指标、颅内出血和支气管肺发育不良（BPD）发生率。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为80.00%、93.33%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿总吸氧时间、呼吸暂停次数、1剂肺表面活性剂使用率均显著降低，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；并且治疗组患儿总吸氧时间、呼吸暂停次数、1剂肺表面活性剂使用率均明显低于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）水平显著降低，氧分压（pO₂）和酸碱度（pH）值均显著升高，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；并且治疗组患儿血气指标明显优于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，对照组和治疗组患儿颅内出血发生率分别为6.67%、10.00%，BPD发生率分别为3.33%、6.67%，两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论 盐酸氨溴索注射液联合枸橼酸咖啡因注射液治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征具有较好的临床疗效，能改善临床症状和血气指标，安全性较高，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To study the efficacy of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Injection combined with Caffeine Citrate Injection in treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Methods Children (60 cases) with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 30 cases. Children in the control group were iv administered with Caffeine Citrate Injection, first-dose 20 mg/kg, slow intravenous infusion (30 min), maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg after 24 h, once daily. Children in the treatment group were iv administered with Ambroxol Hydrochloride Injection on the basis of the control group, 30 mg/(kg·d), the injection time was at least 5 min, four times daily. Patients in two groups were treated for 7 d. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated, and the improvement of clinical symptoms, blood gas indexes, intracranial hemorrhage, and incidence of BPD in two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 80.00% and 93.33%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, total oxygen uptake time, number of apnea, and utilization rate of pulmonary surfactant in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the observational indexes in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of pCO₂ in two groups were significantly decreased, the levels of pO₂ and pH in two groups were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the blood gas indexes in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in the control and treatment groups were 6.67% and 10.00%, respectively, the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in the control and treatment groups were 3.33% and 6.67%, respectively, and there was no difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Ambroxol Hydrochloride Injection combined with Caffeine Citrate Injection has clinical curative effect in treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, can improve clinical symptoms and blood gas indexes, with good safety, which has a certain clinical application value.