目的 探讨小儿豉翘清热颗粒联合阿奇霉素治疗儿童上呼吸道感染的临床效果。方法 选取2016年6月-2018年10月平顶山市第二人民医院收治的上呼吸道感染患儿128例，随机分成对照组（64例）和治疗组（64例）。对照组饭前顿服阿奇霉素颗粒，首日剂量为10 mg/kg，最大剂量应<0.5 g/d，从第2天开始，每日剂量调整为5 mg/kg，最大剂量应<0.25 g/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服小儿豉翘清热颗粒，6个月~1岁1 g/次，1~3岁2 g/次，4~6岁3 g/次，7~9岁4 g/次，10~14岁6 g/次，均为3次/d。两组连续治疗5 d。观察两组患者临床疗效，同时比较治疗前后两组患者主要症状消失时间、主要症状积分、白细胞数（WBC#）、中性粒细胞百分比（NEUT%）及C反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）和白介素-18（IL-18）水平。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为84.4%和95.3%，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，治疗组发热、咽红肿、脘腹胀满消失时间均显著早于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组发热、咽红肿、脘腹胀满等主要症状积分及其总分均显著降低（P<0.05），且治疗组患者主要症状积分明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患者外周血WBC#、NEUT%及血清CRP、PCT、IL-18浓度均显著降低（P<0.05），且治疗组患者WBC#、NEUT%及CRP、PCT、IL-18水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 小儿豉翘清热颗粒联合阿奇霉素治疗儿童上呼吸道感染可迅速改善患儿相关症状，有效减轻机体炎性损伤，抗菌效果确切。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules combined with azithromycin in treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in children. Methods Children (128 cases) with upper respiratory tract infection in Pingdingshan the Second People's Hospital from June 2016 to October 2018 were randomly divided into control (64 cases) and treatment (64 cases) groups. Children in the control group were administered at draught with Azithromycin Granules before meals, the first day dose was 10 mg/kg, and the maximum dose was less than 0.5 g/d. The dose was adjusted to 5 mg/kg from the second day, and the maximum dose was less than 0.25 g/d. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules on the basis of the control group, 1 g/time for 6 months to 1 year old, 2 g/time for 1-3 years old, 3 g/time for 4-6 years old, 4 g/time for 7-9 years old, 6 g/time for 10-14 years old, three times daily. Children in two groups were treated for 5 d. After treatment, the clinical efficacy was evaluated, and the disappearance time of the main symptoms, the main symptoms scores, WBC #, NEUT%, CRP, PCT, and IL-18 levels in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacy and in the control and treatment groups was 84.4% and 95.3% respectively, and there were differences between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the disappearance time of fever, swollen throat, abdominal distention in the treatment group was significantly earlier than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the fever, swollen throat, abdominal distention scores, and total scores in two groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the main symptoms scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the WBC# and NEUT% of peripheral blood, and serum CRP, PCT, IL-18 concentration in two groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and these indicators in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules combined with azithromycin in treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in children can rapidly improve the clinical symptoms, effectively reduce the inflammatory injury, the antibacterial effect is exact.