小檗碱是一种异喹啉生物碱，具有多种药理作用。研究表明小檗碱可以通过影响多种途径发挥神经保护作用，包括PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2、Akt/Nrf-2/HO-1、GSK-3、MAPK、AMPK、阿尔茨海默病-β-淀粉样蛋白、NMDA受体和MMP-9途径。总结小檗碱在脑缺血、阿尔茨海默病和实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎等神经元疾病模型中的作用机制，了解更多关于小檗碱如何介导这些途径，为未来对神经疾病的临床治疗提供参考。

Berberin is an isoquinoline alkaloid with various pharmacologic effects. Recent research has demonstrated that berberine has neuroprotective effect through various pharmacological mechanisms, including PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2, Akt/Nrf-2/HO-1, GSK-3, MAPK, AMPK, Alzheimer's disease-β-amyloid protein, NMDA receptor, and MMP-9. Thus, the action mechanism that plays roles in brain ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis etc. neuronal disease models is concluded in this review. Understanding more about how berberine mediates these pathways to provide reference for the clinical treatment of neurological disorders in the future.