目的 探索2015-2017年海安县人民医院感染性疾病病原菌的分布及耐药性。方法 采用回顾性调查方法，对2015-2017年海安县人民医院病原菌分布及耐药性进行统计学分析。结果 共分离出病原菌2 484株，检出率为6.84%。医院感染主要发生在传染科、SICU、胸外科和神经外科。分离病原菌中分离率较高的为大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，其中大肠埃希菌在2015-2017年的分离率均为最高。主要病原菌的耐药率从总体来看呈不断上升的趋势，其中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌以及铜绿假单胞菌对头孢唑啉的耐药率在2015-2017年均为100.00%。结论 海安县人民医院2015-2017年总体上病原菌检出率逐渐升高，应引起感染科及其他相关部门的重视，严格控制抗菌药物的使用。

Objective To explore the distribution and drug resistance of infectious diseases in Hai'an People's Hospital from 2015 to 2017. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in Hai'an People's Hospital from 2015 to 2017. Results Total 2 484 strains of pathogens were isolated with the detection rate of 6.84%. Hospital infection mainly occurred in the Department of Infection, SICU, Thoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, and Urology. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus had higher detection rate. And the detection rate of E. coli was the highest from 2015 to 2017. The drug resistance rate of main pathogenic bacteria had the trend of continuously increasing on the whole. The drug resistance rate of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa against cefazolin were 100.00% from 2015 to 2017. Conclusion The drug resistance rate of main pathogenic bacteria has the trend of continuously increasing on the whole, which should be paid attention to during Department of Infection and other relevant departments, and the use of antibiotics should be controlled strictly.