目的 观察十一味参芪联合重组人粒细胞刺激因子治疗化疗后中性粒细胞减少症的临床疗效。方法 选取2016年7月-2017年7月天津市第五中心医院（北京大学滨海医院）收治的161例肿瘤化疗后中性粒细胞减少症患者，随机分为对照组（80例）和治疗组（81例）。对照组患者皮下注射重组人粒细胞刺激因子注射液，5 μg/kg，1次/d。治疗组患者在对照组治疗基础上口服十一味参芪片，4片/次，3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗7 d。观察两组的临床疗效，比较两组的中性粒细胞计数、QOL评分和KPS评分的变化情况。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为85.00%、96.30%，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗3、7 d，两组患者中性粒细胞计数均较治疗前显著升高，同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗3、7 d，治疗组中性粒细胞计数显著高于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患者QOL评分和KPS评分均显著升高，同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后，治疗组患者QOL评分和KPS评分较显著高于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 十一味参芪片联合重组人粒细胞刺激因子治疗化疗后中性粒细胞减少症具有较好的临床疗效，可改善患者的生活质量和身体功能状态，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Shiyiwei Shenqi Tablets combined with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in treatment of neutropenia after chemotherapy. Methods Patients (161 cases) with neutropenia after chemotherapy in Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital (Binhai Hospital of Peking University) from July 2016 to July 2017 were randomly divided into control (80 cases) and treatment (81 cases) groups. Patients in the control group were sc administered with Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Injection, 5 μg/kg, once daily. Patients in the treatment group were po administered with Shiyiwei Shenqi Tablets, 4 tablets/time, three times daily. Patients in two groups were treated for 7 d. After treatment, the clinical efficacy was evaluated, and the changes of neutrophil count, QOL score, and KPS score in two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacy in the control group were 85.00% and 96.30%, and there were differences between two groups (P<0.05). Treatment for 3 d and 7 d, the neutrophil count in two groups were significantly increased, and there were differences in the same group (P<0.05). Treatment for 3 d and 7 d, the neutrophil count in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group, and there were differences between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, QOL score and KPS score in two groups were significantly increased, and there were differences between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, QOL score and KPS score in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group, and there were differences between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Shiyiwei Shenqi Tablets combined with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor has significant clinical effect in treatment of neutropenia after chemotherapy, and can improve the life quality and body functional state, which has a certain clinical application value.