目的 探讨小儿黄龙颗粒联合盐酸哌甲酯片治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的临床疗效。方法 选取2016年8月—2017年8月在潍坊市妇幼保健院进行治疗的儿童注意缺陷多动障碍患者78例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法将患儿分为治疗组和对照组，每组各39例。对照组口服盐酸哌甲酯片，5 mg/次，2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服小儿黄龙颗粒，6～7岁：5 g/次，8～14岁：10 g/次，2次/d。两组患儿均连续治疗6周。观察两组的临床疗效，比较两组的临床症状评分、SNAP-Ⅳ量表评分、Conner简明症状量表评分表（ASQ）评分、儿童自我意识量表（PHCSS）评分、数字划消试验（NCT）失误率和血清学指标。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为82.05%、97.44%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组多动不宁、神思涣散、多言多语、性急易怒评分均显著降低，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗组临床症状评分明显低于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组SNAP-Ⅳ量表评分、ASQ评分、PHCSS评分、NCT失误率均明显降低，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗组相关评分明显低于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清泌乳素（PRL）、S100β蛋白（S100β）、25-羟维生素D水平均显著升高，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗组血清学指标明显高于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 小儿黄龙颗粒联合盐酸哌甲酯片治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍具有较好的临床疗效，可改善患者临床症状和认知功能，调节血清PRL、S100β、25-羟维生素D水平，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Xiaoer Huanglong Granules combined with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods Patients (79 cases) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Weifang Maternity and Child Care Hospital from August 2016 to August 2017 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 39 cases. Patients in the control group were po administered with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets, 5 mg/time, twice daily. Patients in the treatment group were po administered with Xiaoer Huanglong Granules on the basis of the control group, ages 6-7 years:5 g/time, ages 8-14 years:10 g/time, twice daily. Patients in two groups were treated for 6 weeks. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated, and the scores of clinical symptom, SNAP-IV scale, ASQ, and PHCSS, the error rate of NCT, and serological indexes in two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 82.05% and 97.44%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of hyperactivity and restlessness, spiritual slack, polyphrasia, impatient and irritable in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P < 0.05). And the scores of clinical symptom in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of SNAP-IV scale, ASQ, and PHCSS, and the error rate of NCT in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P < 0.05). And scores of symptom in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05).After treatment, the levels of PRL, S100β, and 25(OH)D in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P < 0.05). And serological indexes in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Xiaoer Huanglong Granules combined with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets has clinical curative effect in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, can improve patients' clinical symptoms and cognitive function, and regulate the levels of PRL, S100β, and 25(OH)D, which has a certain clinical application value.